PRLPRLTAOPhysical Review LettersPhys. Rev. 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PastorE.¹⁴⁷TosciriC.¹³⁴TothJ.^102,mmToveyD. R.¹⁴⁸TraeetA.¹⁷TreadoC. J.¹²⁵TrefzgerT.¹⁷⁶TresoldiF.¹⁵⁵TricoliA.²⁹TriggerI. M.^167aTrincaz-DuvoidS.¹³⁵TrischukD. A.¹⁷⁴TrischukW.¹⁶⁶TrocméB.⁵⁸TrofymovA.⁶⁵TronconC.^69aTrovatoF.¹⁵⁵TruongL.^33cTrzebinskiM.⁸⁵TrzupekA.⁸⁵TsaiF.⁴⁶TsengJ. C-L.¹³⁴TsiareshkaP. V.^108,bbTsirigotisA.^161,ccTsiskaridzeV.¹⁵⁴TskhadadzeE. G.^158aTsopoulouM.¹⁶¹TsukermanI. I.¹²⁴TsulaiaV.¹⁸TsunoS.⁸²TsybychevD.¹⁵⁴TuY.^63bTudoracheA.^27bTudoracheV.^27bTulbureT. T.^27aTunaA. N.⁵⁹TurchikhinS.⁸⁰TurgemanD.¹⁷⁹Turk CakirI.^4b,nnTurnerR. J.²¹TurraR. T.^69aTutsP. M.³⁹TzamariasS.¹⁶¹TzovaraE.¹⁰⁰UchidaK.¹⁶²UkegawaF.¹⁶⁸UnalG.³⁶UnalM.¹¹UndrusA.²⁹UnelG.¹⁷⁰UngaroF. C.¹⁰⁵UnnoY.⁸²UnoK.¹⁶²UrbanJ.^28bUrquijoP.¹⁰⁵UsaiG.⁸UysalZ.^12dVacekV.¹⁴¹VachonB.¹⁰⁴VadlaK. O. H.¹³³VafeiadisT.³⁶VaidyaA.⁹⁵ValderanisC.¹¹⁴Valdes SanturioE.^45a,45bValenteM.⁵⁴ValentinettiS.^23b,23aValeroA.¹⁷³ValéryL.⁴⁶VallanceR. A.²¹VallierA.³⁶Valls FerrerJ. A.¹⁷³Van DaalenT. R.¹⁴Van GemmerenP.⁶Van StroudS.⁹⁵Van VulpenI.¹²⁰VanadiaM.^74a,74bVandelliW.³⁶VandenbrouckeM.¹⁴⁴VandewallE. R.¹²⁹VaniachineA.¹⁶⁵VannicolaD.^73a,73bVariR.^73aVarnesE. W.⁷VarniC.^55b,55aVarolT.¹⁵⁷VarouchasD.⁶⁵VarvellK. E.¹⁵⁶VasileM. E.^27bVasquezG. A.¹⁷⁵VazeilleF.³⁸Vazquez FurelosD.¹⁴Vazquez SchroederT.³⁶VeatchJ.⁵³VecchioV.¹⁰¹VeenM. J.¹²⁰VeloceL. M.¹⁶⁶VelosoF.^139a,139cVenezianoS.^73aVenturaA.^68a,68bVerbytskyiA.¹¹⁵VercesiV.^71aVerducciM.^72a,72bVergel InfanteC. M.⁷⁹VergisC.²⁴VerkerkeW.¹²⁰VermeulenA. T.¹²⁰VermeulenJ. C.¹²⁰VernieriC.¹⁵²VetterliM. C.^151,dViaux MairaN.^146dVickeyT.¹⁴⁸Vickey BoeriuO. E.¹⁴⁸ViehhauserG. H. A.¹³⁴ViganiL.^61bVillaM.^23b,23aVillaplana PerezM.³VillhauerE. M.⁵⁰VilucchiE.⁵¹VincterM. G.³⁴VirdeeG. S.²¹VishwakarmaA.⁵⁰VittoriC.^23b,23aVivarelliI.¹⁵⁵VogelM.¹⁸¹VokacP.¹⁴¹von BuddenbrockS. E.^33eVon ToerneE.²⁴VorobelV.¹⁴²VorobevK.¹¹²VosM.¹⁷³VossebeldJ. H.⁹¹VozakM.¹⁰¹VranjesN.¹⁶Vranjes MilosavljevicM.¹⁶VrbaV.¹⁴¹VreeswijkM.¹²⁰VuillermetR.³⁶VukoticI.³⁷WadaS.¹⁶⁸WagnerP.²⁴WagnerW.¹⁸¹Wagner-KuhrJ.¹¹⁴WahdanS.¹⁸¹WahlbergH.⁸⁹WakasaR.¹⁶⁸WalbrechtV. M.¹¹⁵WalderJ.¹⁴³WalkerR.¹¹⁴WalkerS. D.⁹⁴WalkowiakW.¹⁵⁰WallangenV.^45a,45bWangA. M.⁵⁹WangA. Z.¹⁸⁰WangC.^60aWangC.^60cWangF.¹⁸⁰WangH.¹⁸WangH.³WangJ.^63aWangP.⁴²WangQ.¹²⁸WangR.-J.¹⁰⁰WangR.^60aWangR.⁶WangS. M.¹⁵⁷WangW. T.^60aWangW.^15cWangW. X.^60aWangY.^60aWangZ.¹⁰⁶WanotayarojC.⁴⁶WarburtonA.¹⁰⁴WardC. P.³²WardropeD. R.⁹⁵WarrackN.⁵⁷WatsonA. T.²¹WatsonM. F.²¹WattsG.¹⁴⁷WaughB. M.⁹⁵WebbA. F.¹¹WeberC.²⁹WeberM. S.²⁰WeberS. A.³⁴WeberS. M.^61aWeidbergA. R.¹³⁴WeingartenJ.⁴⁷WeirichM.¹⁰⁰WeiserC.⁵²WellsP. S.³⁶WenausT.²⁹WendlandB.⁴⁷WenglerT.³⁶WenigS.³⁶WermesN.²⁴WesselsM.^61aWestonT. D.²⁰WhalenK.¹³¹WhartonA. M.⁹⁰WhiteA. S.¹⁰⁶WhiteA.⁸WhiteM. J.¹WhitesonD.¹⁷⁰WhitmoreB. W.⁹⁰WiedenmannW.¹⁸⁰WielC.⁴⁸WielersM.¹⁴³WieseotteN.¹⁰⁰WiglesworthC.⁴⁰Wiik-FuchsL. A. M.⁵²WilkensH. G.³⁶WilkinsL. J.⁹⁴WilliamsH. H.¹³⁶WilliamsS.³²WillocqS.¹⁰³WindischhoferP. J.¹³⁴Wingerter-SeezI.⁵WinkelsE.¹⁵⁵WinklmeierF.¹³¹WinterB. T.⁵²WittgenM.¹⁵²WobischM.⁹⁶WolfA.¹⁰⁰WölkerR.¹³⁴WollrathJ.⁵²WolterM. W.⁸⁵WoltersH.^139a,139cWongV. W. S.¹⁷⁴WoodsN. L.¹⁴⁵WormS. D.⁴⁶WosiekB. K.⁸⁵WoźniakK. W.⁸⁵WraightK.⁵⁷WuS. L.¹⁸⁰WuX.⁵⁴WuY.^60aWuerzingerJ.¹³⁴WyattT. R.¹⁰¹WynneB. M.⁵⁰XellaS.⁴⁰XiaL.¹⁷⁷XiangJ.^63cXiaoX.¹⁰⁶XieX.^60aXiotidisI.¹⁵⁵XuD.^15aXuH.^60aXuH.^60aXuL.²⁹XuT.¹⁴⁴XuW.¹⁰⁶XuZ.^60bXuZ.¹⁵²YabsleyB.¹⁵⁶YacoobS.^33aYajimaK.¹³²YallupD. P.⁹⁵YamaguchiN.⁸⁸YamaguchiY.¹⁶⁴YamamotoA.⁸²YamataniM.¹⁶²YamazakiT.¹⁶²YamazakiY.⁸³YanJ.^60cYanZ.²⁵YangH. J.^60c,60dYangH. T.¹⁸YangS.^60aYangT.^63cYangX.^60b,58YangY.¹⁶²YangZ.^60aYaoW-M.¹⁸YapY. C.⁴⁶YasuY.⁸²YatsenkoE.^60cYeH.^15cYeJ.⁴²YeS.²⁹YeletskikhI.⁸⁰YexleyM. R.⁹⁰YigitbasiE.²⁵YinP.³⁹YoritaK.¹⁷⁸YoshiharaK.⁷⁹YoungC. J. S.³⁶YoungC.¹⁵²YuJ.⁷⁹YuanR.^60b,ooYueX.^61aZaazouaM.^35eZabinskiB.⁸⁵ZacharisG.¹⁰ZaffaroniE.⁵⁴ZahreddineJ.¹³⁵ZaitsevA. M.^123,iZakareishviliT.^158bZakharchukN.³⁴ZambitoS.³⁶ZanziD.³⁶ZaripovasD. R.⁵⁷ZeißnerS. V.⁴⁷ZeitnitzC.¹⁸¹ZemaityteG.¹³⁴ZengJ. C.¹⁷²ZeninO.¹²³ŽenišT.^28aZerwasD.⁶⁵ZgubičM.¹³⁴ZhangB.^15cZhangD. F.^15bZhangG.^15bZhangJ.⁶ZhangK.^15aZhangL.^15cZhangL.^60aZhangM.¹⁷²ZhangR.¹⁸⁰ZhangS.¹⁰⁶ZhangX.^60cZhangX.^60bZhangY.^15a,15dZhangZ.^63aZhangZ.⁶⁵ZhaoP.⁴⁹ZhaoZ.^60aZhemchugovA.⁸⁰ZhengZ.¹⁰⁶ZhongD.¹⁷²ZhouB.¹⁰⁶ZhouC.¹⁸⁰ZhouH.⁷ZhouM. S.^15a,15dZhouM.¹⁵⁴ZhouN.^60cZhouY.⁷ZhuC. G.^60bZhuC.^15a,15dZhuH. L.^60aZhuH.^15aZhuJ.¹⁰⁶ZhuY.^60aZhuangX.^15aZhukovK.¹¹¹ZhulanovV.^122b,122aZieminskaD.⁶⁶ZimineN. I.⁸⁰ZimmermannS.⁵²ZinonosZ.¹¹⁵ZiolkowskiM.¹⁵⁰ŽivkovićL.¹⁶ZobernigG.¹⁸⁰ZoccoliA.^23b,23aZochK.⁵³ZorbasT. G.¹⁴⁸ZouR.³⁷ZwalinskiL.³⁶(ATLAS Collaboration)¹Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia²Physics Department, SUNY Albany, Albany, New York, USA³Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada^4aDepartment of Physics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey^4bIstanbul Aydin University, Application and Research Center for Advanced Studies, Istanbul, Turkey^4cDivision of Physics, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey⁵LAPP, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy, France⁶High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA⁷Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA⁸Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA⁹Physics Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece¹⁰Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece¹¹Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA^12aBahcesehir University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey^12bIstanbul Bilgi University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey^12cDepartment of Physics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey^12dDepartment of Physics Engineering, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey¹³Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan¹⁴Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain^15aInstitute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China^15bPhysics Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China^15cDepartment of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China^15dUniversity of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS), Beijing, China¹⁶Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia¹⁷Department for Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway¹⁸Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California, USA¹⁹Institut für Physik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany²⁰Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland²¹School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom^22aFacultad de Ciencias y Centro de Investigaciónes, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia^22bDepartamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia, Colombia^23aINFN Bologna and Universita’ di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica, Italy^23bINFN Sezione di Bologna, Italy²⁴Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany²⁵Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA²⁶Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA^27aTransilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania^27bHoria Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania^27cDepartment of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania^27dNational Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Physics Department, Cluj-Napoca, Romania^27eUniversity Politehnica Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania^27fWest University in Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania^28aFaculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic^28bDepartment of Subnuclear Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovak Republic²⁹Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA³⁰Departamento de Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina³¹California State University, California, USA³²Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom^33aDepartment of Physics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa^33biThemba Labs, Western Cape, South Africa^33cDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa^33dUniversity of South Africa, Department of Physics, Pretoria, South Africa^33eSchool of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa³⁴Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada^35aFaculté des Sciences Ain Chock, Réseau Universitaire de Physique des Hautes Energies—Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco^35bFaculté des Sciences, Université Ibn-Tofail, Kénitra, Morocco^35cFaculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, LPHEA-Marrakech, Morocco^35dFaculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Premier and LPTPM, Oujda, Morocco^35eFaculté des sciences, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco³⁶CERN, Geneva, Switzerland³⁷Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA³⁸LPC, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France³⁹Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington, New York, USA⁴⁰Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark^41aDipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy^41bINFN Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Italy⁴²Physics Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA⁴³Physics Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA⁴⁴National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, Greece^45aDepartment of Physics, Stockholm University, Sweden^45bOskar Klein Centre, Stockholm, Sweden⁴⁶Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg and Zeuthen, Germany⁴⁷Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik IV, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany⁴⁸Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany⁴⁹Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA⁵⁰SUPA—School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom⁵¹INFN e Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy⁵²Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany⁵³II. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany⁵⁴Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland^55aDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy^55bINFN Sezione di Genova, Italy⁵⁶II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany⁵⁷SUPA—School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom⁵⁸LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France⁵⁹Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA^60aDepartment of Modern Physics and State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China^60bInstitute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Shandong University, Qingdao, China^60cSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, KLPPAC-MoE, SKLPPC, Shanghai, China^60dTsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai, China^61aKirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany^61bPhysikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany⁶²Faculty of Applied Information Science, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Hiroshima, Japan^63aDepartment of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China^63bDepartment of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China^63cDepartment of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China⁶⁴Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan⁶⁵IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, 91405, Orsay, France⁶⁶Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA^67aINFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine, Italy^67bICTP, Trieste, Italy^67cDipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy^68aINFN Sezione di Lecce, Italy^68bDipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy^69aINFN Sezione di Milano, Italy^69bDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy^70aINFN Sezione di Napoli, Italy^70bDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy^71aINFN Sezione di Pavia, Italy^71bDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy^72aINFN Sezione di Pisa, Italy^72bDipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy^73aINFN Sezione di Roma, Italy^73bDipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy^74aINFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Italy^74bDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy^75aINFN Sezione di Roma Tre, Italy^75bDipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma Tre, Roma, Italy^76aINFN-TIFPA, Italy^76bUniversità degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy⁷⁷Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität, Innsbruck, Austria⁷⁸University of Iowa, Iowa City Iowa, USA⁷⁹Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA⁸⁰Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia^81aDepartamento de Engenharia Elétrica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Brazil^81bUniversidade Federal do Rio De Janeiro COPPE/EE/IF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil^81cUniversidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), São João del Rei, Brazil^81dInstituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil⁸²KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan⁸³Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan^84aAGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland^84bMarian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland⁸⁵Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland⁸⁶Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan⁸⁷Kyoto University of Education, Kyoto, Japan⁸⁸Research Center for Advanced Particle Physics and Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan⁸⁹Instituto de Física La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina⁹⁰Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom⁹¹Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom⁹²Department of Experimental Particle Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute and Department of Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia⁹³School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom⁹⁴Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom⁹⁵Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom⁹⁶Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana, USA⁹⁷Fysiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, Lund, Sweden⁹⁸Centre de Calcul de l’Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Villeurbanne, France⁹⁹Departamento de Física Teorica C-15 and CIAFF, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain¹⁰⁰Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany¹⁰¹School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom¹⁰²CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France¹⁰³Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA¹⁰⁴Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada¹⁰⁵School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia¹⁰⁶Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA¹⁰⁷Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA¹⁰⁸B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus¹⁰⁹Research Institute for Nuclear Problems of Byelorussian State University, Minsk, Belarus¹¹⁰Group of Particle Physics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada¹¹¹P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia¹¹²National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia¹¹³D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia¹¹⁴Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany¹¹⁵Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany¹¹⁶Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan¹¹⁷Graduate School of Science and Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan¹¹⁸Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA¹¹⁹Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University Nijmegen/Nikhef, Nijmegen, Netherlands¹²⁰Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands¹²¹Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA^122aBudker Institute of Nuclear Physics and NSU, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia^122bNovosibirsk State University Novosibirsk, Russia¹²³Institute for High Energy Physics of the National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Protvino, Russia¹²⁴Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia¹²⁵Department of Physics, New York University, New York, New York, USA¹²⁶Ochanomizu University, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan¹²⁷Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA¹²⁸Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman Oklahoma, USA¹²⁹Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA¹³⁰Palacký University, RCPTM, Joint Laboratory of Optics, Olomouc, Czech Republic¹³¹Institute for Fundamental Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA¹³²Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan¹³³Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway¹³⁴Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom¹³⁵LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France¹³⁶Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA¹³⁷Konstantinov Nuclear Physics Institute of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, PNPI, St. Petersburg, Russia¹³⁸Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA^139aLaboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas—LIP, Lisboa, Portugal^139bDepartamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal^139cDepartamento de Física, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal^139dCentro de Física Nuclear da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal^139eDepartamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal^139fDepartamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, Granada (Spain), Spain^139gDep Física and CEFITEC of Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal^139hInstituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal¹⁴⁰Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic¹⁴¹Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic¹⁴²Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague, Czech Republic¹⁴³Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom¹⁴⁴IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France¹⁴⁵Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA^146aDepartamento de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile^146bUniversidad Andres Bello, Department of Physics, Santiago, Chile^146cInstituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Chile^146dDepartamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile¹⁴⁷Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA¹⁴⁸Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom¹⁴⁹Department of Physics, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan¹⁵⁰Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany¹⁵¹Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada¹⁵²SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California, USA¹⁵³Physics Department, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden¹⁵⁴Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA¹⁵⁵Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom¹⁵⁶School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia¹⁵⁷Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan^158aE. Andronikashvili Institute of Physics, Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia^158bHigh Energy Physics Institute, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia¹⁵⁹Department of Physics, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel¹⁶⁰Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel¹⁶¹Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece¹⁶²International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan¹⁶³Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan¹⁶⁴Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan¹⁶⁵Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia¹⁶⁶Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada^167aTRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada^167bDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada¹⁶⁸Division of Physics and Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan¹⁶⁹Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA¹⁷⁰Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA¹⁷¹Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden¹⁷²Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA¹⁷³Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia—CSIC, Valencia, Spain¹⁷⁴Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada¹⁷⁵Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada¹⁷⁶Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany¹⁷⁷Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom¹⁷⁸Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan¹⁷⁹Department of Particle Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel¹⁸⁰Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA¹⁸¹Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Fachgruppe Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany¹⁸²Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA^**

Full author list given at the end of the article.

^a

Deceased.

^b

Also at Department of Physics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.

^c

Also at Instituto de Fisica Teorica, IFT-UAM/CSIC, Madrid, Spain.

^d

Also at TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

^e

Also at Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.

^f

Also at Physics Department, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.

^g

Also at Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.

^h

Also at Departament de Fisica de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

ⁱ

Also at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology State University, Dolgoprudny, Russia.

^j

Also at Department of Physics, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.

^k

Also at Universita di Napoli Parthenope, Napoli, Italy.

^l

Also at Institute of Particle Physics (IPP), Vancouver, Canada.

^m

Also at Dipartimento di Matematica, Informatica e Fisica, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy.

ⁿ

Also at Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg, Russia.

^o

Also at Borough of Manhattan Community College, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA.

^p

Also at Department of Physics, California State University, Fresno, USA.

^q

Also at Department of Financial and Management Engineering, University of the Aegean, Chios, Greece.

^r

Also at Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Italy.

^s

Also at Department of Physics, California State University, East Bay, USA.

^t

Also at Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.

^u

Also at IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, 91405, Orsay, France.

^v

Also at Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.

^w

Also at Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

^x

Also at University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China.

^y

Also at Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan.

^z

Also at Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University Nijmegen/Nikhef, Nijmegen, Netherlands.

^aa

Also at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland.

^bb

Also at Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia.

^cc

Also at Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece.

^dd

Also at The City College of New York, New York, New York, USA.

^ee

Also at Department of Physics, California State University, Sacramento, USA.

^ff

Also at Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland.

^gg

Also at Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana, USA.

^hh

Also at Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy (INRNE) of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.

ⁱⁱ

Also at Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

^jj

Also at Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

^kk

Also at CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France.

^ll

Also at National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia.

^mm

Also at Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary.

ⁿⁿ

Also at Giresun University, Faculty of Engineering, Giresun, Turkey.

^oo

Also at Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.

5August20207August2020125606180210April202015June2020© 2020 CERN, for the ATLAS Collaboration2020CERNPublished by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP³.

A study of the charge conjugation and parity (CP) properties of the interaction between the Higgs boson and top quarks is presented. Higgs bosons are identified via the diphoton decay channel (H→γγ), and their production in association with a top quark pair (tt¯H) or single top quark (tH) is studied. The analysis uses 139  fb-1 of proton–proton collision data recorded at a center-of-mass energy of s=13  TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Assuming a CP-even coupling, the tt¯H process is observed with a significance of 5.2 standard deviations. The measured cross section times H→γγ branching ratio is 1.64-0.36+0.38(stat)-0.14+0.17(sys)  fb, and the measured rate for tt¯H is 1.43-0.31+0.33(stat)-0.15+0.21(sys) times the Standard Model expectation. The tH production process is not observed and an upper limit on its rate of 12 times the Standard Model expectation is set. A CP-mixing angle greater (less) than 43 (-43)° is excluded at 95% confidence level.

Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica10.13039/501100003074YerPhIAustralian Research Council10.13039/501100000923Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft10.13039/501100003413Austrian Science Fund10.13039/501100002428ANASSSTCConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico10.13039/501100003593Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo10.13039/501100001807Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada10.13039/501100000038National Research Council Canada10.13039/501100000046Canada Foundation for Innovation10.13039/501100000196CERN10.13039/100012470Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica10.13039/501100002848Chinese Academy of Sciences10.13039/501100002367Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China10.13039/501100002855National Natural Science Foundation of China10.13039/501100001809Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación10.13039/100007637Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy10.13039/501100001823Ministerstvo Průmyslu a Obchodu10.13039/501100004578VSC CRDanmarks Grundforskningsfond10.13039/501100001732DNSRCCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique10.13039/501100004794Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives10.13039/501100006489SRNSFGBundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung10.13039/501100002347Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft10.13039/501100001656Max-Planck-Gesellschaft10.13039/501100004189General Secretariat for Research and Technology10.13039/501100003448Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee10.13039/501100002920Chinese University of Hong Kong10.13039/501100004853Israel Science Foundation10.13039/501100003977Nella and Leon Benoziyo Center for Neurological Diseases, Weizmann Institute of Science10.13039/501100003941Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare10.13039/501100004007Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology10.13039/501100001700Japan Society for the Promotion of Science10.13039/501100001691Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique10.13039/501100006319Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek10.13039/501100003246RCNMinisterstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego10.13039/501100004569Narodowe Centrum Nauki10.13039/501100004281Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia10.13039/501100001871IFAMinistry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation10.13039/501100003443NRC KIJoint Institute for Nuclear Research10.13039/501100003822MESTDMSSRJavna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS10.13039/501100004329MIZŠDepartment of Science and Technology, Republic of South Africa10.13039/501100001342Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad10.13039/501100003329Vetenskapsrådet10.13039/501100004359Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse10.13039/501100004063Staatssekretariat für Bildung, Forschung und Innovation10.13039/501100007352Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung10.13039/501100001711Cantons of Bern and GenevaMinistry of Science and Technology, Taiwan10.13039/501100004663Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu10.13039/100010440Science and Technology Facilities Council10.13039/501100000271U.S. Department of Energy10.13039/100000015National Science Foundation10.13039/100000001British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund10.13039/501100007711Canarie10.13039/100008313Compute Canada10.13039/100013020CRCH2020 European Research Council10.13039/100010663European Regional Development Fund10.13039/501100008530H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions10.13039/100010665European Cooperation in Science and Technology10.13039/501100000921European Commission10.13039/501100000780Investissements d’Avenir LabexInvestissements d’Avenir IdexAgence Nationale de la Recherche10.13039/501100001665Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft10.13039/501100001659American Friends of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation10.13039/100003579European Social Fund10.13039/501100004895NSRFUnited States-Israel Binational Science Foundation10.13039/501100001742German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development10.13039/501100001736Generalitat de Catalunya10.13039/501100002809Göran Gustafssons Stiftelse för Naturvetenskaplig och Medicinsk Forskning10.13039/501100003426Royal Society10.13039/501100000288Leverhulme Trust10.13039/501100000275TRIUMF10.13039/100012419NDGFCC-IN2P3Karlsruher Institut für Technologie10.13039/100009133PICASGCRAL

The observation of Higgs boson production in association with top quarks at the LHC [1,2] provides an opportunity to probe the charge conjugation and parity (CP) properties of the Yukawa coupling of the Higgs boson to the top quark. The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics predicts the Higgs boson to be a scalar particle (JCP=0++) with a prescribed coupling to the top quark. However, the presence of a JCP=0+- pseudoscalar admixture, which introduces a second coupling to the top quark, has not yet been excluded. Any measured CP-odd contribution would be a sign of physics beyond the SM and could account for the explanation of the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe. This Letter presents a search for CP violation in this coupling and measurements of the production rate of the Higgs boson, via its decay into two photons, in association with top quarks. Recently, the CMS Collaboration performed a similar study [3].

Studies of CP properties of the Higgs boson interactions with gauge bosons have been performed by the ATLAS and CMS experiments [4–9]; the results show no deviations from the SM predictions. However, these measurements probe the bosonic couplings in which CP-odd contributions enter only via higher-order operators that are suppressed by powers of 1/Λ2 [10], where Λ is the scale of the new physics in an effective field theory (EFT). In the case of the Yukawa couplings, the CP-odd contributions are not suppressed by powers of 1/Λ2.

The CP properties of the top Yukawa coupling can be probed directly using Higgs boson production in association with top quarks: tt¯H and tH processes. The couplings impact the production rates [11–14] and some kinematic distributions. The tH rate is particularly sensitive to deviations from SM couplings due to destructive interference in the SM between diagrams where the Higgs boson radiates from a top quark and from a W boson. The presence of CP-mixing in the top Yukawa coupling also modifies the gluon–gluon fusion (ggF) production rate and the H→γγ decay rate.

This analysis is performed using 139  fb-1 of s=13  TeV proton–proton (pp) collision data recorded from 2015 to 2018 with the ATLAS detector. The ATLAS detector [15–17] is a multipurpose particle detector with a forward-backward symmetric cylindrical geometry and near 4π coverage in solid angle [18]. The trigger system consists of a hardware-based first-level trigger and a software-based high-level trigger [19]. Events used in this analysis were triggered by requiring two photons with a loose identification requirement [20] in the 2015–2016 data-taking period and transverse energies of at least 25 GeV and 35 GeV for the subleading and leading photons, respectively. Due to the greater instantaneous luminosity, the photon trigger identification requirement was tightened in the 2017–2018 data-taking period. The average trigger efficiency is over 98% for events passing the full diphoton event selection for this analysis.

The EFT definition used in this Letter is provided by the Higgs characterization model [21], which is implemented in the MadGraph5_aMC@NLO generator [22]. Within this model, the term in the effective Lagrangian that describes the top Yukawa coupling is L=-mtv{ψt¯κt[cos(α)+isin(α)γ5]ψt}Hwhere mt is the top quark mass, v is the Higgs vacuum expectation value, κt (>0) is the top Yukawa coupling parameter, and α is the CP-mixing angle. The SM corresponds to a CP-even coupling with α=0 and κt=1, while a CP-odd coupling is realized when α=90°.

Simulated tt¯H and tH samples were generated using MadGraph5_aMC@NLO 2.6.2 at next-to-leading order in QCD for different α and κt (for tH) values, with the NNPDF30NLO [23] parton distribution function (PDF) set used for the matrix element (ME) evaluation, and interfaced to pythia 8 [24] using the NNPDF23LO [25] PDF set for parton showering (PS). The A14 parameter set [26], tuned to data, was used for both PS and underlying event (UE). From these samples, the yields for tt¯H and tH are parameterized as functions of α and κt, which are used in the statistical interpretations. Samples for other Higgs boson production processes, ggF [27], vector-boson fusion (VBF) [28], and vector-boson associated production (VH) [29,30] were produced with powheg-box v2 generator [31] using the PDF4LHC15 PDF set [32] for ME, with the AZNLO set of tuned parameters [33] and pythia 8 for PS using the CTEQ6L1 [34] PDF set. Samples generated with Herwig 7 [35] are used for systematic uncertainty studies that involve modeling of the PS, hadronization and UE. The simulated Higgs boson samples are normalized to the SM cross sections (Refs. [36–54]) times the SM branching ratio (BR) to diphotons (Refs. [36,55–58]) with a Higgs boson mass of 125.09 GeV [59], and specifically for tt¯H, the SM predicted cross section times the H→γγ BR is σtt¯H×Bγγ=1.15-0.12+0.09  fb.

Although this analysis relies on a data-driven approach for background estimations, a simulated background sample for the tt¯γγ process was generated to optimize the event selection and develop the background model. This sample was generated using the MadGraph5_aMC@NLO generator, with the NNPDF23LO PDF set and showered with pythia 8.

All generated Higgs boson events were passed through a full simulation of the ATLAS detector response [60] using geant 4 [61]. The tt¯γγ events were processed with a fast simulation in which the full simulation of the calorimeter is replaced with a parameterization of the calorimeter response [62]. The effects of multiple pp interactions in the same or neighboring bunch crossings are included using events generated with pythia 8. Events are weighted such that the distribution of the average number of interactions per bunch crossing matches that observed in data, which is typically around 30 to 40.

Events are selected by requiring two isolated photon candidates with transverse momenta pT greater than 35 GeV and 25 GeV. Both photons must satisfy the tight identification requirement [20]. The identification is constructed from a cut-based selection using the electromagnetic shower shape variables. The leading (subleading) photon must have pT/mγγ > 0.35 (0.25), and the diphoton invariant mass mγγ is required to be in the range mγγ∈[105,160]  GeV. Jets are reconstructed using the anti-kt algorithm [63] with a radius parameter of R=0.4. Events are required to have at least one jet with pT>25  GeV containing a b-hadron (b-jet), identified using a b-tagging algorithm with an efficiency of 77% and a mistagging rate of 0.9% for light-flavor jets [64].

Selected events are sorted into two tt¯H-enriched regions. The “Lep” region, targeting top quark decays in which at least one of the resulting W bosons decays leptonically, requires events to have at least one isolated lepton (muon or electron) candidate with pT>15  GeV passing medium identification requirements (Refs. [20,65]). The “Had” region targets hadronic top quark decays (as well as top quark decays to both hadronically decaying τ leptons and unreconstructed leptons) and requires events to have at least two additional jets with pT>25  GeV and no selected lepton.

A boosted decision tree (BDT) used for the top quark reconstruction, denoted by “Top Reco BDT,” is trained with the tt¯H sample by using the xgboost package [66] to extract the three-jet (triplet) combination best matching the hadronic decay products of a top quark. This BDT uses pT, η, ϕ, and the energy E of W boson and b jet (where the W boson candidate is formed by a pair of jets). Furthermore, this BDT uses the angular distance ΔRWb between the W boson and b jet, ΔRjj between the two jets composing the W boson candidate, and b-tagging information about all three jets in the triplet and the invariant mass of the triplet. For events in the Had region, the triplet with the highest Top Reco BDT score is taken as the primary top quark candidate (t1). In the Lep region, for events containing only one lepton, a W boson candidate is first constructed from the lepton and missing transverse momentum ETmiss. Then t1 is reconstructed from this leptonic W boson candidate and the jet giving the highest Top Reco BDT score. No top quark candidate is reconstructed for events containing more than one lepton. After t1 is selected, if there are at least three additional jets, a second top quark candidate (t2) is reconstructed by selecting the triplet with the highest BDT score from the remaining jets; if there is only one or two additional jets, then t2 is taken as the sum of the remaining jets; otherwise no t2 is reconstructed.

To improve the analysis sensitivity, selected events are categorized using partitions of a two-dimensional BDT space. Two independent BDTs are trained using the xgboost algorithm: “Background Rejection BDT” and “CP BDT,” and each of them is trained separately in the Had and Lep regions. The Background Rejection BDT is trained to separate tt¯H-like events from background that are mainly nonresonant diphoton production processes, including γγ+jets and tt¯γγ. A detailed discussion of this methodology is given in Ref. [1]. The CP BDT is trained to separate CP-even from CP-odd couplings using tt¯H and tH processes. The CP BDT uses pT and η of the diphoton system, pT and η of t1 and t2, their azimuthal angles calculated relative to the diphoton system ϕγγ,t1, ϕγγ,t2, as well as their Top Reco BDT scores. It also uses differences in pseudorapidity and azimuthal angle Δηt1t2 and Δϕt1t2 between the two top quark candidates, the invariant mass of the diphoton and primary top quark system mγγ,t1, the invariant mass of the two top quark candidates mt1t2, the scalar pT sum of jets HT, the ETmiss divided by HT, the number of jets and b-tagged jets, and the minimum and second smallest angular differences ΔRγj between a photon and a jet.

Figure 1 shows the BDT discriminant distributions in the data as well as those expected from CP-even and CP-odd Higgs boson signals in the Had region. The discriminating power can be seen by comparing the CP-even, CP-odd, and data shapes. Events with low values of the Background Rejection BDT response are removed, and the remaining events are categorized. The number of categories and the boundary locations are chosen to optimize the tt¯H significance and the discriminating power between the CP-even and CP-odd cases. There are 20 categories in total: 12 in the Had region and 8 in the Lep region.

110.1103/PhysRevLett.125.061802.f1FIG. 1.

Left: two-dimensional BDT distribution in the selected data events (mγγ∈[105,160]  GeV) from the Had region showing the Background Rejection BDT and CP BDT. The inner (outer) contours capture 25% (50%) of the tt¯H and tH signal events for CP-even (blue) and CP-odd (red) hypotheses. Right: projections onto the background rejection and CP BDT axes. Contributions from CP-even (blue) and CP-odd (red) tt¯H/tH processes and the data (black) are shown and normalized to unit area. The error bars on data are statistical.

The results are impacted by three distinct types of uncertainties: the statistical uncertainty associated with the data, theoretical modeling systematic uncertainties, and experimental systematic uncertainties. The first dominates. Theoretical uncertainties for tt¯H and tH rates in the various categories are assessed. The following effects are considered: the value of the strong coupling constant; alternative generator for the PS, hadronization, and UE; and PDF uncertainty. In the three (two) most CP-even sensitive Had (Lep) categories, each of these uncertainties is less than 10%. The background from ggF is less than 0.25 events in each of the most sensitive categories; conservative uncertainties, including a 100% theoretical uncertainty in the modeling of the radiation of additional heavy-flavor jets, are assigned to it in the Had region. The same heavy-flavor uncertainty is also assigned to the VBF and VH processes.

Experimental uncertainties arise from identification and isolation criteria for photons, electrons, and muons and from their energy scale and resolution [20,65]. Jets have uncertainties from b tagging [64] and vertex identification [67] in addition to the energy scale and resolution [68]. Uncertainties in the measurement of ETmiss [69], which is used in the leptonic categories, are also included. These experimental effects impact the expected event yield in each category and can cause events to migrate between the categories. The overall uncertainty is less than 20% in each category. In addition, uncertainties in the luminosity [70] obtained using the LUCID-2 detector [71] and trigger efficiency [19] are responsible for uncertainties in the overall event yield of 1.7% and 0.4%, respectively.

A simultaneous maximum-likelihood fit is performed to the mγγ spectra in all the categories. Signal and background shapes are modeled by analytic functions using the strategy discussed in Ref. [6]. The chosen background function is based on the simulated tt¯γγ events following the procedure in Ref. [1], which imposes stringent conditions on potential biases in the extracted signal yield to avoid losses in sensitivity. The parameters of the background model and background normalization in each category are left free in the fit. The profile likelihood ratio is used as the test statistic, and the asymptotic approximation [72] is used for statistical interpretations. Yields from tt¯H and tH are extracted after subtracting the very small contribution from other Higgs boson production modes using their SM expected values. Figure 2 shows the distributions of the reconstructed masses for the diphoton system and primary top quark. The events are weighted by ln(1+S/B) with S and B being the fitted signal and background yields in the smallest mγγ interval containing 90% of the signal in each category. The p value associated with the compatibility between the observed spectra and the fit model using the goodness-of-fit test method described in Ref. [73] is 35%. Assuming a CP-even coupling, the σtt¯H×Bγγ is derived by constraining all the non-tt¯H Higgs boson processes to their SM predictions and measured to be 1.64-0.36+0.38(stat)-0.14+0.17(sys)  fb. The measured rate for tt¯H is 1.43-0.31+0.33(stat)-0.15+0.21(sys) times the SM expectation. The background-only hypothesis is rejected with an observed (expected) significance of 5.2σ (4.4σ). The rate for tH is derived by constraining all the non-tt¯H/tH Higgs boson processes to their SM prediction without prior constraint on the rate of tt¯H. Using the CLs method [74], this yields a 95% confidence level (CL) upper limit of 12 times the SM prediction, the same as expected assuming the presence of SM tH signal. This is stricter than the previous best limit of 25 times the SM prediction on tH from the CMS analysis performed using 35.9  fb−1 of data at s=13  TeV [75] with the tt¯H process constrained to the SM prediction.

210.1103/PhysRevLett.125.061802.f2FIG. 2.

Distribution of reconstructed primary top quark mass versus reconstructed Higgs boson mass in the data events. The right panels show the projections onto the Higgs boson mass and primary top quark mass axes. In the upper panel, the fitted continuum background (blue), the total background including non-tt¯H/tH Higgs boson production (green), and the total fitted signal plus background (red) are shown. The error bars on data are statistical.

Extraction of values for the top Yukawa coupling requires additional information. In particular, the BR of H→γγ is needed to recover the total Higgs boson production rate, and the Higgs boson coupling to gluons is needed to account for the small ggF background. The corresponding Higgs boson coupling modifiers κγ and κg are measured in the Run 2 Higgs boson coupling combination [76]. This combination includes the first 80  fb−1 of data used in this paper, and tt¯H and tH analyses from other decay channels. The combination analysis is repeated without the tt¯H and tH inputs, and this result is used to constrain κg and κγ. The impact on κg and κγ of removing input tt¯H and tH analyses from the combination is small. The correlation of the systematic uncertainties between the Higgs boson coupling combination and this analysis is neglected. The correlation has a small impact on α, and a similar effect on κt as on signal strength reported in Ref. [76]. This analysis is insensitive to the potential modifications of ggF kinematics due to CP mixing, which is therefore neglected. The results of the fit for κtcos(α) and κtsin(α) are shown as contours in Fig. 3. A limit on α is set without prior constraint on κt in the fit: |α|>43° is excluded at 95% CL. The expected exclusion is |α|>63° under the CP-even hypothesis. A value of α=90 (180)° is excluded at 3.9σ (2.5σ). A comparable study from the CMS experiment excluded α=90° at 3.2σ [3]. If κγ and κg are parameterized using α and κt [11], the observed (expected) exclusion is |α|>43 (56)° without prior constraint on κt in the fit. The impact of the systematic uncertainties is negligible.

310.1103/PhysRevLett.125.061802.f3FIG. 3.

Two-dimensional likelihood contours for κtcos(α) and κtsin(α) with ggF and H→γγ constrained by the Higgs boson coupling combination.

In summary, the production rate of the Higgs boson in association with top quarks is measured, and the CP property of the top Yukawa coupling is studied. The no-tt¯H hypothesis is rejected with a significance of 5.2σ, and the measured σtt¯H×Bγγ is 1.64-0.36+0.38(stat)-0.14+0.17(sys)  fb. The measured rate for tt¯H is 1.43-0.31+0.33(stat)-0.15+0.21(sys) times the SM expectation. The tH process is not observed, and an upper limit of 12 times the SM expectation is set on its rate at 95% CL. All measurements are consistent with the SM expectations, and the possibility of CP-odd couplings between the Higgs boson and top quark is severely constrained. A pure CP-odd coupling is excluded at 3.9σ, and |α|>43° is excluded at 95% CL.

We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC, and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST, and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR, and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS and CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC and Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russia Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZŠ, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF, and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; and DOE and NSF, USA. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, CANARIE, Compute Canada, and CRC, Canada; ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020, Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, and COST, European Union; Investissements d’Avenir Labex, Investissements d’Avenir Idex, and ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales, and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF and GIF, Israel; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya and PROMETEO Programme Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Göran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN, the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK), and BNL (USA), the Tier-2 facilities worldwide, and large non-WLCG resource providers. Major contributors of computing resources are listed in Ref. [77].

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