PLB138394138394S0370-2693(23)00727-X10.1016/j.physletb.2023.138394The Author(s)Experimentshttps://hepdata.cedar.ac.ukFig. 1Efficiency of X → Zγ final-state reconstruction and selection (including kinematic acceptance) as a function of resonance mass mX for spin-0 resonances generated via gluon–gluon fusion, and for spin-2 resonances generated from gluon–gluon and quark–antiquark initial states. The markers show the efficiencies for simulated events, while the curves indicate the parameterizations used in the analysis. The efficiencies are for X → Zγ where the Z boson decays into ee, μμ or ττ.Fig. 1Fig. 2Differential distributions of the invariant mass mZγ of the spin-0 resonance with mX = 1000 GeV produced by the gluon–gluon fusion process. The markers show the distributions of the simulated events. The solid and dashed lines are the fitted models in the eeγ and μμγ channels, respectively. The mass resolution in the muon channel is compatible to that in the electron channel when mX < 300 GeV.Fig. 2Fig. 3The Zγ invariant mass distributions of data events satisfying the high-mass selection for the (a) eeγ and (b) μμγ channels. The points with error bars represent the data and statistical uncertainty. The background component (solid blue line in the inset) and spin-0 signal component (dashed dark cyan line) of the signal + background unbinned fit (solid red line) to data are displayed. The bottom panel of each figure shows the significance, which is defined as the residual of the data with respect to the fitted background component divided by the statistical uncertainty of the data. The lower mass region is expanded and displayed in the two inset plots, where an excess with a combined local significance of 2.3σ at 420 GeV can be seen.Fig. 3Fig. 4Observed (solid line) and expected (dashed line) 95% CL upper limits on the production cross section times branching ratio of a narrow-width spin-0 resonance X produced from gluon–gluon initial states and decaying into a Z boson and a photon, σ(pp→X)⋅B(X→Zγ), as a function of the resonance mass mX. Observed (expected) results are derived from ensemble tests for mX > 1850 (900) GeV and from asymptotic formulae for lower mX values. The green and yellow bands correspond to the ±1σ and ±2σ intervals for the expected upper limits. The limits are shown in the mX range from 220 GeV to 3400 GeV and are obtained from the combined eeγ and μμγ channels.Fig. 4Fig. 5Observed (solid line) and expected (dashed line) 95% CL limits on the production cross section times branching ratio of a narrow-width spin-2 resonance X produced from (a) gluon–gluon initial states and (b) qq¯ initial states and decaying into a Z boson and a photon, σ(pp→X)⋅B(X→Zγ), as a function of the resonance mass mX. Observed (expected) results are derived from ensemble tests for mX > 1850 (900) GeV and from asymptotic formulae for lower mX values. The green and yellow bands correspond to the ±1σ and ±2σ intervals for the expected upper limit respectively. The limits are shown in the mX range from 220 GeV to 3400 GeV and are obtained from the combined eeγ and μμγ channels.Fig. 5Table 1Object and event selections for the analysis.Table 1SelectionMuonElectronElectron as photonPhotonpT>10 GeV>10 GeV>50 GeV>15 GeV|η|<2.7<2.47<2.47<2.37Exclude [1.37, 1.52]Exclude [1.37, 1.52]Exclude [1.37, 1.52]|d0|/σd0<3<5|z0sin⁡θ|<0.5 mm<0.5 mmIdentificationMediumMixedMVATightIsolationTrack-based TightTrack-based TightLooseΔR(track,γ)<0.1ee or μμ pair≥2, opposite chargeeγ pairΔR(e,γ)<1|pTe−pTγ|/pTe or γ>5%Categorizationlepton pair closest to mZ=91.2 GeV, decide if electron channel or muon channelEvent selections|mℓℓcorrected−mZ|<15 GeV, mZ=91.2 GeVTrigger match, overlap removalpTγ/mZγ>0.2; signal region: 200<mZγ<3500 GeVTable 2The main sources of systematic uncertainty for the X → Zγ search. The gluon–gluon fusion spin-0 signal samples produced for mX = 220 − 3400 GeV are used to evaluate the systematic uncertainty. The uncertainty ranges span the variations among different categories and different mX resonance masses. The uncertainty due to the spurious signal is reported as an absolute number of events. In the table, “ID” for photons and electrons refers to identification efficiency uncertainties, “ISO” refers to isolation efficiency uncertainties, “TRIG” refers to trigger efficiency uncertainties, “RECO” refers to muon reconstruction efficiency uncertainty and “TTVA” refers to muon track-to-vertex-association efficiency uncertainty.Table 2CategoryμμγeeγLuminosity0.83%Signal EfficiencyPhoton ID/ISO/TRIG efficiency1.0%–1.5%1.0%–1.7%Muon ISO efficiency1.0%–1.2%–Muon RECO efficiency0.22%–6%–Muon TTVA efficiency0.14%–0.23%–Muon TRIG efficiency0.6%–1.0%–Electron ID/ISO/RECO/TRIG efficiency–2.9%–4%MVA/Mixed electron ID efficiency–1.0%–1.1%Pile-up<0.016%–Signal modelling effect on μCBElectron and photon energy scale0.33%–0.4%0.15%–0.7%Muon momentum scale/sagitta bias<0.023%–Signal modelling effect on σCBElectron and photon energy resolution2.5%–10%7%–60%Muon ID resolution0.4%–1.8%–Muon MS resolution0.6%–1.9%–Extra smearing of muon pT2.4%–Background modelling (in number of events)Spurious signal0.01–10.70.003–10.2Table 3The observed (expected) upper limits on σ(pp→X)⋅B(X→Zγ) for spin-0 and spin-2 heavy resonances at 95% CL. The value of mX varies from 220 GeV to 3400 GeV.Table 395% CL upper limits on σ(pp→X)⋅B(X→Zγ)ObservedExpectedggX spin-065.5 fb – 0.6 fb43.3 fb – 0.6 fbggX spin-277.4 fb – 0.6 fb50.8 fb – 0.6 fbqq¯X spin-276.1 fb – 0.5 fb50.3 fb – 0.5 fbLetterSearch for the Zγ decay mode of new high-mass resonances in pp collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detectorThe ATLAS Collaboration⋆G.Aad102B.Abbott120K.Abeling55N.J.Abicht49S.H.Abidi29A.Aboulhorma35eH.Abramowicz151H.Abreu150Y.Abulaiti117B.S.Acharya69a69bmC.Adam Bourdarios4L.Adamczyk86aL.Adamek155S.V.Addepalli26M.J.Addison101J.Adelman115A.Adiguzel21cT.Adye134A.A.Affolder136Y.Afik36M.N.Agaras13J.Agarwala73a73bA.Aggarwal100C.Agheorghiesei27cA.Ahmad36F.Ahmadov38yW.S.Ahmed104S.Ahuja95X.Ai62aG.Aielli76a76bA.Aikot163M.Ait Tamlihat35eB.Aitbenchikh35aI.Aizenberg169M.Akbiyik100T.P.A.Åkesson98A.V.Akimov37D.Akiyama168N.N.Akolkar24K.Al Khoury41G.L.Alberghi23bJ.Albert165P.Albicocco53G.L.Albouy60S.Alderweireldt52M.Aleksa36I.N.Aleksandrov38C.Alexa27bT.Alexopoulos10F.Alfonsi23bM.Algren56M.Alhroob120B.Ali132H.M.J.Ali91S.Ali148S.W.Alibocus92M.Aliev145G.Alimonti71aW.Alkakhi55C.Allaire66B.M.M.Allbrooke146J.F.Allen52C.A.Allendes Flores137fP.P.Allport20A.Aloisio72a72bF.Alonso90C.Alpigiani138M.Alvarez Estevez99A.Alvarez Fernandez100M.Alves Cardoso56M.G.Alviggi72a72bM.Aly101Y.Amaral Coutinho83bA.Ambler104C.Amelung36M.Amerl101C.G.Ames109D.Amidei106S.P.Amor Dos Santos130aK.R.Amos163V.Ananiev125C.Anastopoulos139T.Andeen11J.K.Anders36S.Y.Andrean47a47bA.Andreazza71a71bS.Angelidakis9A.Angerami41abA.V.Anisenkov37A.Annovi74aC.Antel56M.T.Anthony139E.Antipov145M.Antonelli53F.Anulli75aM.Aoki84T.Aoki153J.A.Aparisi Pozo163M.A.Aparo146L.Aperio 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Moursli35eE.Cheu7K.Cheung65L.Chevalier135V.Chiarella53G.Chiarelli74aN.Chiedde102G.Chiodini70aA.S.Chisholm20A.Chitan27bM.Chitishvili163M.V.Chizhov38K.Choi11A.R.Chomont75a75bY.Chou103E.Y.S.Chow114T.Chowdhury33gK.L.Chu169M.C.Chu64aX.Chu14a14eJ.Chudoba131J.J.Chwastowski87D.Cieri110K.M.Ciesla86aV.Cindro93A.Ciocio17aF.Cirotto72a72bZ.H.Citron169kM.Citterio71aD.A.Ciubotaru27bB.M.Ciungu155A.Clark56P.J.Clark52J.M.Clavijo Columbie48S.E.Clawson48C.Clement47a47bJ.Clercx48L.Clissa23b23aY.Coadou102M.Cobal69a69cA.Coccaro57bR.F.Coelho Barrue130aR.Coelho Lopes De Sa103S.Coelli71aH.Cohen151A.E.C.Coimbra71a71bB.Cole41J.Collot60P.Conde Muiño130a130gM.P.Connell33cS.H.Connell33cI.A.Connelly59E.I.Conroy126F.Conventi72aahH.G.Cooke20A.M.Cooper-Sarkar126A.Cordeiro Oudot 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Pietra72a72bD.Della Volpe56A.Dell'Acqua36L.Dell'Asta71a71bM.Delmastro4P.A.Delsart60S.Demers172M.Demichev38S.P.Denisov37L.D'Eramo40D.Derendarz87F.Derue127P.Dervan92K.Desch24C.Deutsch24F.A.Di Bello57b57aA.Di Ciaccio76a76bL.Di Ciaccio4A.Di Domenico75a75bC.Di Donato72a72bA.Di Girolamo36G.Di Gregorio36A.Di Luca78a78bB.Di Micco77a77bR.Di Nardo77a77bC.Diaconu102M.Diamantopoulou34F.A.Dias114T.Dias Do Vale142M.A.Diaz137a137bF.G.Diaz Capriles24M.Didenko163E.B.Diehl106L.Diehl54S.Díez Cornell48C.Diez Pardos141C.Dimitriadi24161A.Dimitrievska17aJ.Dingfelder24I-M.Dinu27bS.J.Dittmeier63bF.Dittus36F.Djama102T.Djobava149bJ.I.Djuvsland16C.Doglioni10198A.Dohnalova28aJ.Dolejsi133Z.Dolezal133K.M.Dona39M.Donadelli83cB.Dong107J.Donini40A.D'Onofrio77a77bM.D'Onofrio92J.Dopke134A.Doria72aN.Dos Santos Fernandes130aP.Dougan101M.T.Dova90A.T.Doyle59M.A.Draguet126E.Dreyer169I.Drivas-koulouris10A.S.Drobac158M.Drozdova56D.Du62aT.A.du Pree114F.Dubinin37M.Dubovsky28aE.Duchovni169G.Duckeck109O.A.Ducu27bD.Duda52A.Dudarev36E.R.Duden26M.D'uffizi101L.Duflot66M.Dührssen36C.Dülsen171A.E.Dumitriu27bM.Dunford63aS.Dungs49K.Dunne47a47bA.Duperrin102H.Duran Yildiz3aM.Düren58A.Durglishvili149bB.L.Dwyer115G.I.Dyckes17aM.Dyndal86aS.Dysch101B.S.Dziedzic87Z.O.Earnshaw146G.H.Eberwein126B.Eckerova28aS.Eggebrecht55E.Egidio Purcino De Souza127L.F.Ehrke56G.Eigen16K.Einsweiler17aT.Ekelof161P.A.Ekman98S.El Farkh35bY.El Ghazali35bH.El Jarrari35e148A.El Moussaouy108V.Ellajosyula161M.Ellert161F.Ellinghaus171A.A.Elliot94N.Ellis36J.Elmsheuser29M.Elsing36D.Emeliyanov134Y.Enari153I.Ene17aS.Epari13J.Erdmann49P.A.Erland87M.Errenst171M.Escalier66C.Escobar163E.Etzion151G.Evans130aH.Evans68L.S.Evans95M.O.Evans146A.Ezhilov37S.Ezzarqtouni35aF.Fabbri59L.Fabbri23b23aG.Facini96V.Fadeyev136R.M.Fakhrutdinov37S.Falciano75aL.F.Falda Ulhoa 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Saa137d137bJ.Zang153D.Zanzi54O.Zaplatilek132C.Zeitnitz171H.Zeng14aJ.C.Zeng162D.T.ZengerJr26O.Zenin37T.Ženiš28aS.Zenz94S.Zerradi35aD.Zerwas66M.Zhai14a14eB.Zhang14cD.F.Zhang139J.Zhang62bJ.Zhang6K.Zhang14a14eL.Zhang14cP.Zhang14a14eR.Zhang170S.Zhang106T.Zhang153X.Zhang62cX.Zhang62bY.Zhang62c5Y.Zhang96Z.Zhang17aZ.Zhang66H.Zhao138P.Zhao51T.Zhao62bY.Zhao136Z.Zhao62aA.Zhemchugov38J.Zheng14cK.Zheng162X.Zheng62aZ.Zheng143D.Zhong162B.Zhou106H.Zhou7N.Zhou62cY.Zhou7C.G.Zhu62bJ.Zhu106Y.Zhu62cY.Zhu62aX.Zhuang14aK.Zhukov37V.Zhulanov37N.I.Zimine38J.Zinsser63bM.Ziolkowski141L.Živković15A.Zoccoli23b23aK.Zoch61T.G.Zorbas139O.Zormpa46W.Zou41L.Zwalinski361Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide; AustraliaDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustraliaDepartment of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide; Australia2Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB; CanadaDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanadaDepartment of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB; Canada3aDepartment of Physics, Ankara University, Ankara; TürkiyeDepartment of PhysicsAnkara UniversityAnkaraTürkiyeDepartment of Physics, Ankara University, Ankara3bDivision of Physics, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara; TürkiyeDivision of PhysicsTOBB University of Economics and TechnologyAnkaraTürkiyeDivision of Physics, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara; Türkiye4LAPP, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy; FranceLAPPUniversité Savoie Mont BlancCNRS/IN2P3AnnecyFranceLAPP, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy; France5APC, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris; FranceAPCUniversité Paris CitéCNRS/IN2P3ParisFranceAPC, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris; France6High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne IL; United States of AmericaHigh Energy Physics DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonneILUnited States of AmericaHigh Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne IL; United States of America7Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ; United States of AmericaDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUnited States of AmericaDepartment of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ; United States of America8Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington TX; United States of AmericaDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTXUnited States of AmericaDepartment of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington TX; United States of America9Physics Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens; GreecePhysics DepartmentNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreecePhysics Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens; Greece10Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou; GreecePhysics DepartmentNational Technical University of AthensZografouGreecePhysics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou; Greece11Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX; United States of AmericaDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTXUnited States of AmericaDepartment of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX; United States of America12Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku; AzerbaijanInstitute of PhysicsAzerbaijan Academy of SciencesBakuAzerbaijanInstitute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku; Azerbaijan13Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona; SpainInstitut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE)Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpainInstitut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona; Spain14aInstitute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; ChinaInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChinaInstitute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing14bPhysics Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing; ChinaPhysics DepartmentTsinghua UniversityBeijingChinaPhysics Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing14cDepartment of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing; ChinaDepartment of PhysicsNanjing UniversityNanjingChinaDepartment of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing14dSchool of Science, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University; ChinaSchool of ScienceCampus of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhenChinaSchool of Science, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University14eUniversity of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS), Beijing; ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS)BeijingChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS), Beijing; China15Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade; SerbiaInstitute of PhysicsUniversity of BelgradeBelgradeSerbiaInstitute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade; Serbia16Department for Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen; NorwayDepartment for Physics and TechnologyUniversity of BergenBergenNorwayDepartment for Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen; Norway17aPhysics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley CA; United States of AmericaPhysics DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUnited States of AmericaPhysics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley CA17bUniversity of California, Berkeley CA; United States of AmericaUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUnited States of AmericaUniversity of California, Berkeley CA; United States of America18Institut für Physik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin; GermanyInstitut für PhysikHumboldt Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermanyInstitut für Physik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin; Germany19Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University of Bern, Bern; SwitzerlandAlbert Einstein Center for Fundamental PhysicsLaboratory for High Energy PhysicsUniversity of BernBernSwitzerlandAlbert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University of Bern, Bern; Switzerland20School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; United KingdomSchool of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited KingdomSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; United Kingdom21aDepartment of Physics, Bogazici University, Istanbul; TürkiyeDepartment of PhysicsBogazici UniversityIstanbulTürkiyeDepartment of Physics, Bogazici University, Istanbul21bDepartment of Physics Engineering, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep; TürkiyeDepartment of Physics EngineeringGaziantep UniversityGaziantepTürkiyeDepartment of Physics Engineering, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep21cDepartment of Physics, Istanbul University, Istanbul; TürkiyeDepartment of PhysicsIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTürkiyeDepartment of Physics, Istanbul University, Istanbul; Türkiye22aFacultad de Ciencias y Centro de Investigaciónes, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá; ColombiaFacultad de Ciencias y Centro de InvestigaciónesUniversidad Antonio NariñoBogotáColombiaFacultad de Ciencias y Centro de Investigaciónes, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá22bDepartamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá; ColombiaDepartamento de FísicaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotáColombiaDepartamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá; Colombia23aDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia A. Righi, Università di Bologna, Bologna; ItalyDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia A. RighiUniversità di BolognaBolognaItalyDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia A. Righi, Università di Bologna, Bologna23bINFN Sezione di Bologna; ItalyINFNSezione di BolognaItalyINFN Sezione di Bologna; Italy24Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Bonn; GermanyPhysikalisches InstitutUniversität BonnBonnGermanyPhysikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Bonn; Germany25Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston MA; United States of AmericaDepartment of PhysicsBoston UniversityBostonMAUnited States of AmericaDepartment of Physics, Boston University, Boston MA; United States of America26Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham MA; United States of AmericaDepartment of PhysicsBrandeis UniversityWalthamMAUnited States of AmericaDepartment of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham MA; United States of America27aTransilvania University of Brasov, Brasov; RomaniaTransilvania University of BrasovBrasovRomaniaTransilvania University of Brasov, Brasov27bHoria Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest; RomaniaHoria Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear EngineeringBucharestRomaniaHoria Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest27cDepartment of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi; RomaniaDepartment of PhysicsAlexandru Ioan Cuza University of IasiIasiRomaniaDepartment of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi27dNational Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Physics Department, Cluj-Napoca; RomaniaNational Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular TechnologiesPhysics DepartmentCluj-NapocaRomaniaNational Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Physics Department, Cluj-Napoca27eUniversity Politehnica Bucharest, Bucharest; RomaniaUniversity Politehnica BucharestBucharestRomaniaUniversity Politehnica Bucharest, Bucharest27fWest University in Timisoara, Timisoara; RomaniaWest University in TimisoaraTimisoaraRomaniaWest University in Timisoara, Timisoara27gFaculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest; RomaniaFaculty of PhysicsUniversity of BucharestBucharestRomaniaFaculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest; Romania28aFaculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava; Slovak RepublicFaculty of Mathematics, Physics and InformaticsComenius UniversityBratislavaSlovak RepublicFaculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava28bDepartment of Subnuclear Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice; Slovak RepublicDepartment of Subnuclear PhysicsInstitute of Experimental Physics of the Slovak Academy of SciencesKosiceSlovak RepublicDepartment of Subnuclear Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice; Slovak Republic29Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton NY; United States of AmericaPhysics DepartmentBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUnited States of AmericaPhysics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton NY; United States of America30Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Física, y CONICET, Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires (IFIBA), Buenos Aires; ArgentinaUniversidad de Buenos AiresFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesDepartamento de Física, y CONICETInstituto de Física de Buenos Aires (IFIBA)Buenos AiresArgentinaUniversidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Física, y CONICET, Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires (IFIBA), Buenos Aires; Argentina31California State University, CA; United States of AmericaCalifornia State UniversityCAUnited States of AmericaCalifornia State University, CA; United States of America32Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; United KingdomCavendish LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited KingdomCavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; United Kingdom33aDepartment of Physics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town; South AfricaDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth AfricaDepartment of Physics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town33biThemba Labs, Western Cape; South AfricaiThemba LabsWestern CapeSouth AfricaiThemba Labs, Western Cape33cDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg; South AfricaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering ScienceUniversity of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth AfricaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg33dNational Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines Diliman (Philippines); South AfricaNational Institute of PhysicsUniversity of the Philippines Diliman (Philippines)South AfricaNational Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines Diliman (Philippines)33eUniversity of South Africa, Department of Physics, Pretoria; South AfricaUniversity of South AfricaDepartment of PhysicsPretoriaSouth AfricaUniversity of South Africa, Department of Physics, Pretoria33fUniversity of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa; South AfricaUniversity of ZululandKwaDlangezwaSouth AfricaUniversity of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa33gSchool of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg; South AfricaSchool of PhysicsUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth AfricaSchool of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg; South Africa34Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa ON; CanadaDepartment of PhysicsCarleton UniversityOttawaONCanadaDepartment of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa ON; Canada35aFaculté des Sciences Ain Chock, Réseau Universitaire de Physique des Hautes Energies - Université Hassan II, Casablanca; MoroccoFaculté des Sciences Ain ChockRéseau Universitaire de Physique des Hautes Energies - Université Hassan IICasablancaMoroccoFaculté des Sciences Ain Chock, Réseau Universitaire de Physique des Hautes Energies - Université Hassan II, Casablanca35bFaculté des Sciences, Université Ibn-Tofail, Kénitra; MoroccoFaculté des SciencesUniversité Ibn-TofailKénitraMoroccoFaculté des Sciences, Université Ibn-Tofail, Kénitra35cFaculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, LPHEA-Marrakech; MoroccoFaculté des Sciences SemlaliaUniversité Cadi AyyadLPHEAMarrakechMoroccoFaculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, LPHEA-Marrakech35dLPMR, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Premier, Oujda; MoroccoLPMRFaculté des SciencesUniversité Mohamed PremierOujdaMoroccoLPMR, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Premier, Oujda35eFaculté des sciences, Université Mohammed V, Rabat; MoroccoFaculté des sciencesUniversité Mohammed VRabatMoroccoFaculté des sciences, Université Mohammed V, Rabat35fInstitute of Applied Physics, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir; MoroccoInstitute of Applied PhysicsMohammed VI Polytechnic UniversityBen GuerirMoroccoInstitute of Applied Physics, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir; Morocco36CERN, Geneva; SwitzerlandCERNGenevaSwitzerlandCERN, Geneva; Switzerland37Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERNAffiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERNAffiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN38Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERNAffiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERNAffiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN39Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago IL; United States of AmericaEnrico Fermi InstituteUniversity of ChicagoChicagoILUnited States of AmericaEnrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago IL; United States of America40LPC, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand; FranceLPCUniversité Clermont AuvergneCNRS/IN2P3Clermont-FerrandFranceLPC, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand; France41Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington NY; United States of AmericaNevis LaboratoryColumbia UniversityIrvingtonNYUnited States of AmericaNevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington NY; United States of America42Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; DenmarkNiels Bohr InstituteUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmarkNiels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; Denmark43aDipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Rende; ItalyDipartimento di FisicaUniversità della CalabriaRendeItalyDipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Rende43bINFN Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati; ItalyINFN Gruppo Collegato di CosenzaLaboratori Nazionali di FrascatiItalyINFN Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati; Italy44Physics Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas TX; United States of AmericaPhysics DepartmentSouthern Methodist UniversityDallasTXUnited States of AmericaPhysics Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas TX; United States of America45Physics Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson TX; United States of AmericaPhysics DepartmentUniversity of Texas at DallasRichardsonTXUnited States of AmericaPhysics Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson TX; United States of America46National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi; GreeceNational Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”Agia ParaskeviGreeceNational Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi; Greece47aDepartment of Physics, Stockholm University; SwedenDepartment of PhysicsStockholm UniversitySwedenDepartment of Physics, Stockholm University47bOskar Klein Centre, Stockholm; SwedenOskar Klein CentreStockholmSwedenOskar Klein Centre, Stockholm; Sweden48Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg and Zeuthen; GermanyDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYHamburg and ZeuthenGermanyDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg and Zeuthen; Germany49Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund; GermanyFakultät PhysikTechnische Universität DortmundDortmundGermanyFakultät Physik , Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund; Germany50Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden; GermanyInstitut für Kern- und TeilchenphysikTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermanyInstitut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden; Germany51Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham NC; United States of AmericaDepartment of PhysicsDuke UniversityDurhamNCUnited States of AmericaDepartment of Physics, Duke University, Durham NC; United States of America52SUPA - School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; United KingdomSUPA - School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited KingdomSUPA - School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; United Kingdom53INFN e Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati; ItalyINFN e Laboratori Nazionali di FrascatiFrascatiItalyINFN e Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati; Italy54Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg; GermanyPhysikalisches InstitutAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgFreiburgGermanyPhysikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg; Germany55II. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen; GermanyII. Physikalisches InstitutGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenGöttingenGermanyII. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen; Germany56Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Genève; SwitzerlandDépartement de Physique Nucléaire et CorpusculaireUniversité de GenèveGenèveSwitzerlandDépartement de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Genève; Switzerland57aDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Genova; ItalyDipartimento di FisicaUniversità di GenovaGenovaItalyDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Genova57bINFN Sezione di Genova; ItalyINFN Sezione di GenovaItalyINFN Sezione di Genova; Italy58II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen; GermanyII. Physikalisches InstitutJustus-Liebig-Universität GiessenGiessenGermanyII. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen; Germany59SUPA - School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow; United KingdomSUPA - School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUnited KingdomSUPA - School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow; United Kingdom60LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble INP, Grenoble; FranceLPSCUniversité Grenoble AlpesCNRS/IN2P3Grenoble INPGrenobleFranceLPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble INP, Grenoble; France61Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA; United States of AmericaLaboratory for Particle Physics and CosmologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUnited States of AmericaLaboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA; United States of America62aDepartment of Modern Physics and State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei; ChinaDepartment of Modern Physics and State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and ElectronicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChinaDepartment of Modern Physics and State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei62bInstitute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Shandong University, Qingdao; ChinaInstitute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary ScienceKey Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE)Shandong UniversityQingdaoChinaInstitute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Shandong University, Qingdao62cSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MOE), SKLPPC, Shanghai; ChinaSchool of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityKey Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MOE)SKLPPCShanghaiChinaSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MOE), SKLPPC, Shanghai62dTsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai; ChinaTsung-Dao Lee InstituteShanghaiChinaTsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai; China63aKirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg; GermanyKirchhoff-Institut für PhysikRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergHeidelbergGermanyKirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg63bPhysikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg; GermanyPhysikalisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergHeidelbergGermanyPhysikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Germany64aDepartment of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong; ChinaDepartment of PhysicsChinese University of Hong KongShatin, N.T.Hong KongChinaDepartment of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong64bDepartment of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; ChinaDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of Hong KongHong KongChinaDepartment of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong64cDepartment of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; ChinaDepartment of PhysicsInstitute for Advanced StudyHong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water Bay, KowloonHong KongChinaDepartment of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; China65Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu; TaiwanDepartment of PhysicsNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwanDepartment of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu; Taiwan66IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, 91405, Orsay; FranceIJCLabUniversité Paris-SaclayCNRS/IN2P3Orsay91405FranceIJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, 91405, Orsay; France67Centro Nacional de Microelectrónica (IMB-CNM-CSIC), Barcelona; SpainCentro Nacional de Microelectrónica (IMB-CNM-CSIC)BarcelonaSpainCentro Nacional de Microelectrónica (IMB-CNM-CSIC), Barcelona; Spain68Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington IN; United States of AmericaDepartment of PhysicsIndiana UniversityBloomingtonINUnited States of AmericaDepartment of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington IN; United States of America69aINFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine; ItalyINFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di TriesteUdineItalyINFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine69bICTP, Trieste; ItalyICTPTriesteItalyICTP, Trieste69cDipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università di Udine, Udine; ItalyDipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e ArchitetturaUniversità di UdineUdineItalyDipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università di Udine, Udine; Italy70aINFN Sezione di Lecce; ItalyINFN Sezione di LecceItalyINFN Sezione di Lecce70bDipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, Lecce; ItalyDipartimento di Matematica e FisicaUniversità del SalentoLecceItalyDipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, Lecce; Italy71aINFN Sezione di Milano; ItalyINFN Sezione di MilanoItalyINFN Sezione di Milano71bDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milano; ItalyDipartimento di FisicaUniversità di MilanoMilanoItalyDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milano; Italy72aINFN Sezione di Napoli; ItalyINFN Sezione di NapoliItalyINFN Sezione di Napoli72bDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli, Napoli; ItalyDipartimento di FisicaUniversità di NapoliNapoliItalyDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli, Napoli; Italy73aINFN Sezione di Pavia; ItalyINFN Sezione di PaviaItalyINFN Sezione di Pavia73bDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia; ItalyDipartimento di FisicaUniversità di PaviaPaviaItalyDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia; Italy74aINFN Sezione di Pisa; ItalyINFNSezione di PisaItalyINFN Sezione di Pisa74bDipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, Università di Pisa, Pisa; ItalyDipartimento di Fisica E. FermiUniversità di PisaPisaItalyDipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, Università di Pisa, Pisa; Italy75aINFN Sezione di Roma; ItalyINFN Sezione di RomaItalyINFN Sezione di Roma75bDipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma; ItalyDipartimento di FisicaSapienza Università di RomaRomaItalyDipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma; Italy76aINFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata; ItalyINFN Sezione di Roma Tor VergataItalyINFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata76bDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma; ItalyDipartimento di FisicaUniversità di Roma Tor VergataRomaItalyDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma; Italy77aINFN Sezione di Roma Tre; ItalyINFN Sezione di Roma TreItalyINFN Sezione di Roma Tre77bDipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma Tre, Roma; ItalyDipartimento di Matematica e FisicaUniversità Roma TreRomaItalyDipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma Tre, Roma; Italy78aINFN-TIFPA; ItalyINFN-TIFPAItalyINFN-TIFPA78bUniversità degli Studi di Trento, Trento; ItalyUniversità degli Studi di TrentoTrentoItalyUniversità degli Studi di Trento, Trento; Italy79Universität Innsbruck, Department of Astro and Particle Physics, Innsbruck; AustriaUniversität InnsbruckDepartment of Astro and Particle PhysicsInnsbruckAustriaUniversität Innsbruck, Department of Astro and Particle Physics, Innsbruck; Austria80University of Iowa, Iowa City IA; United States of AmericaUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUnited States of AmericaUniversity of Iowa, Iowa City IA; United States of America81Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames IA; United States of AmericaDepartment of Physics and AstronomyIowa State UniversityAmesIAUnited States of AmericaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames IA; United States of America82Istinye University, Sariyer, Istanbul; TürkiyeIstinye UniversitySariyerIstanbulTürkiyeIstinye University, Sariyer, Istanbul; Türkiye83aDepartamento de Engenharia Elétrica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora; BrazilDepartamento de Engenharia ElétricaUniversidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF)Juiz de ForaBrazilDepartamento de Engenharia Elétrica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora83bUniversidade Federal do Rio De Janeiro COPPE/EE/IF, Rio de Janeiro; BrazilUniversidade Federal do Rio De Janeiro COPPE/EE/IFRio de JaneiroBrazilUniversidade Federal do Rio De Janeiro COPPE/EE/IF, Rio de Janeiro83cInstituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo; BrazilInstituto de FísicaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazilInstituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo83dRio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro; BrazilRio de Janeiro State UniversityRio de JaneiroBrazilRio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro; Brazil84KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba; JapanKEKHigh Energy Accelerator Research OrganizationTsukubaJapanKEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba; Japan85Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe; JapanGraduate School of ScienceKobe UniversityKobeJapanGraduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe; Japan86aAGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow; PolandAGH University of KrakowFaculty of Physics and Applied Computer ScienceKrakowPolandAGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow86bMarian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow; PolandMarian Smoluchowski Institute of PhysicsJagiellonian UniversityKrakowPolandMarian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Poland87Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow; PolandInstitute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of SciencesKrakowPolandInstitute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow; Poland88Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto; JapanFaculty of ScienceKyoto UniversityKyotoJapanFaculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto; Japan89Research Center for Advanced Particle Physics and Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka; JapanResearch Center for Advanced Particle PhysicsDepartment of PhysicsKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapanResearch Center for Advanced Particle Physics and Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka; Japan90Instituto de Física La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata; ArgentinaInstituto de Física La PlataUniversidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICETLa PlataArgentinaInstituto de Física La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata; Argentina91Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster; United KingdomPhysics DepartmentLancaster UniversityLancasterUnited KingdomPhysics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster; United Kingdom92Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; United KingdomOliver Lodge LaboratoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited KingdomOliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; United Kingdom93Department of Experimental Particle Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute and Department of Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana; SloveniaDepartment of Experimental Particle PhysicsJožef Stefan InstituteDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSloveniaDepartment of Experimental Particle Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute and Department of Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana; Slovenia94School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London; United KingdomSchool of Physics and AstronomyQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited KingdomSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London; United Kingdom95Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham; United KingdomDepartment of PhysicsRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUnited KingdomDepartment of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham; United Kingdom96Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London; United KingdomDepartment of Physics and AstronomyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited KingdomDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London; United Kingdom97Louisiana Tech University, Ruston LA; United States of AmericaLouisiana Tech UniversityRustonLAUnited States of AmericaLouisiana Tech University, Ruston LA; United States of America98Fysiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, Lund; SwedenFysiska institutionenLunds universitetLundSwedenFysiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, Lund; Sweden99Departamento de Física Teorica C-15 and CIAFF, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid; SpainDepartamento de Física Teorica C-15 and CIAFFUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpainDepartamento de Física Teorica C-15 and CIAFF, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid; Spain100Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz; GermanyInstitut für PhysikUniversität MainzMainzGermanyInstitut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz; Germany101School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester; United KingdomSchool of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUnited KingdomSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester; United Kingdom102CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille; FranceCPPMAix-Marseille UniversitéCNRS/IN2P3MarseilleFranceCPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille; France103Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst MA; United States of AmericaDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMAUnited States of AmericaDepartment of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst MA; United States of America104Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal QC; CanadaDepartment of PhysicsMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanadaDepartment of Physics, McGill University, Montreal QC; Canada105School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria; AustraliaSchool of PhysicsUniversity of MelbourneVictoriaAustraliaSchool of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Australia106Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI; United States of AmericaDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUnited States of AmericaDepartment of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI; United States of America107Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI; United States of AmericaDepartment of Physics and AstronomyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUnited States of AmericaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI; United States of America108Group of Particle Physics, University of Montreal, Montreal QC; CanadaGroup of Particle PhysicsUniversity of MontrealMontrealQCCanadaGroup of Particle Physics, University of Montreal, Montreal QC; Canada109Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München; GermanyFakultät für PhysikLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenMünchenGermanyFakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München; Germany110Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München; GermanyMax-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut)MünchenGermanyMax-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München; Germany111Graduate School of Science and Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya; JapanGraduate School of ScienceKobayashi-Maskawa InstituteNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapanGraduate School of Science and Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya; Japan112Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque NM; United States of AmericaDepartment of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNMUnited States of AmericaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque NM; United States of America113Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University/Nikhef, Nijmegen; NetherlandsInstitute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle PhysicsRadboud University/NikhefNijmegenNetherlandsInstitute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University/Nikhef, Nijmegen; Netherlands114Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; NetherlandsNikhef National Institute for Subatomic PhysicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlandsNikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; Netherlands115Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb IL; United States of AmericaDepartment of PhysicsNorthern Illinois UniversityDeKalbILUnited States of AmericaDepartment of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb IL; United States of America116aNew York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi; United Arab EmiratesNew York University Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUnited Arab EmiratesNew York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi116bUniversity of Sharjah, Sharjah; United Arab EmiratesUniversity of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab EmiratesUniversity of Sharjah, Sharjah; United Arab Emirates117Department of Physics, New York University, New York NY; United States of AmericaDepartment of PhysicsNew York UniversityNew YorkNYUnited States of AmericaDepartment of Physics, New York University, New York NY; United States of America118Ochanomizu University, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo; JapanOchanomizu UniversityOtsukaBunkyo-kuTokyoJapanOchanomizu University, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo; Japan119Ohio State University, Columbus OH; United States of AmericaOhio State UniversityColumbusOHUnited States of AmericaOhio State University, Columbus OH; United States of America120Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman OK; United States of AmericaHomer L. Dodge Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of OklahomaNormanOKUnited States of AmericaHomer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman OK; United States of America121Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater OK; United States of AmericaDepartment of PhysicsOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUnited States of AmericaDepartment of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater OK; United States of America122Palacký University, Joint Laboratory of Optics, Olomouc; Czech RepublicPalacký UniversityJoint Laboratory of OpticsOlomoucCzech RepublicPalacký University, Joint Laboratory of Optics, Olomouc; Czech Republic123Institute for Fundamental Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR; United States of AmericaInstitute for Fundamental ScienceUniversity of OregonEugeneORUnited States of AmericaInstitute for Fundamental Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR; United States of America124Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka; JapanGraduate School of ScienceOsaka UniversityOsakaJapanGraduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka; Japan125Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo; NorwayDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of OsloOsloNorwayDepartment of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo; Norway126Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford; United KingdomDepartment of PhysicsOxford UniversityOxfordUnited KingdomDepartment of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford; United Kingdom127LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris; FranceLPNHESorbonne UniversitéUniversité Paris CitéCNRS/IN2P3ParisFranceLPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris; France128Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA; United States of AmericaDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUnited States of AmericaDepartment of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA; United States of America129Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA; United States of AmericaDepartment of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUnited States of AmericaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA; United States of America130aLaboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP, Lisboa; PortugalLaboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de PartículasLIPLisboaPortugalLaboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP, Lisboa130bDepartamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa; PortugalDepartamento de FísicaFaculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugalDepartamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa130cDepartamento de Física, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra; PortugalDepartamento de FísicaUniversidade de CoimbraCoimbraPortugalDepartamento de Física, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra130dCentro de Física Nuclear da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa; PortugalCentro de Física Nuclear da Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugalCentro de Física Nuclear da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa130eDepartamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, Braga; PortugalDepartamento de FísicaUniversidade do MinhoBragaPortugalDepartamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, Braga130fDepartamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, Granada (Spain); PortugalDepartamento de Física Teórica y del CosmosUniversidad de GranadaGranada (Spain)PortugalDepartamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, Granada (Spain)130gDepartamento de Física, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa; PortugalDepartamento de FísicaInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugalDepartamento de Física, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa; Portugal131Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague; Czech RepublicInstitute of Physics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech RepublicInstitute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague; Czech Republic132Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague; Czech RepublicCzech Technical University in PraguePragueCzech RepublicCzech Technical University in Prague, Prague; Czech Republic133Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague; Czech RepublicCharles UniversityFaculty of Mathematics and PhysicsPragueCzech RepublicCharles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague; Czech Republic134Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot; United KingdomParticle Physics DepartmentRutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUnited KingdomParticle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot; United Kingdom135IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette; FranceIRFUCEAUniversité Paris-SaclayGif-sur-YvetteFranceIRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette; France136Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz CA; United States of AmericaSanta Cruz Institute for Particle PhysicsUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCAUnited States of AmericaSanta Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz CA; United States of America137aDepartamento de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago; ChileDepartamento de FísicaPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChileDepartamento de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago137bMillennium Institute for Subatomic physics at high energy frontier (SAPHIR), Santiago; ChileMillennium Institute for Subatomic physics at high energy frontier (SAPHIR)SantiagoChileMillennium Institute for Subatomic physics at high energy frontier (SAPHIR), Santiago137cInstituto de Investigación Multidisciplinario en Ciencia y Tecnología, y Departamento de Física, Universidad de La Serena; ChileInstituto de Investigación Multidisciplinario en Ciencia y Tecnología, y Departamento de FísicaUniversidad de La SerenaChileInstituto de Investigación Multidisciplinario en Ciencia y Tecnología, y Departamento de Física, Universidad de La Serena137dUniversidad Andres Bello, Department of Physics, Santiago; ChileUniversidad Andres BelloDepartment of PhysicsSantiagoChileUniversidad Andres Bello, Department of Physics, Santiago137eInstituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica; ChileInstituto de Alta InvestigaciónUniversidad de TarapacáAricaChileInstituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica137fDepartamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso; ChileDepartamento de FísicaUniversidad Técnica Federico Santa MaríaValparaísoChileDepartamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso; Chile138Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle WA; United States of AmericaDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUnited States of AmericaDepartment of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle WA; United States of America139Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; United KingdomDepartment of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUnited KingdomDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; United Kingdom140Department of Physics, Shinshu University, Nagano; JapanDepartment of PhysicsShinshu UniversityNaganoJapanDepartment of Physics, Shinshu University, Nagano; Japan141Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Siegen; GermanyDepartment PhysikUniversität SiegenSiegenGermanyDepartment Physik, Universität Siegen, Siegen; Germany142Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC; CanadaDepartment of PhysicsSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBCCanadaDepartment of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC; Canada143SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford CA; United States of AmericaSLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryStanfordCAUnited States of AmericaSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford CA; United States of America144Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm; SwedenDepartment of PhysicsRoyal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSwedenDepartment of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm; Sweden145Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY; United States of AmericaDepartments of Physics and AstronomyStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUnited States of AmericaDepartments of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY; United States of America146Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton; United KingdomDepartment of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of SussexBrightonUnited KingdomDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton; United Kingdom147School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney; AustraliaSchool of PhysicsUniversity of SydneySydneyAustraliaSchool of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney; Australia148Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei; TaiwanInstitute of PhysicsAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwanInstitute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei; Taiwan149aE. Andronikashvili Institute of Physics, Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi; GeorgiaE. Andronikashvili Institute of PhysicsIv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State UniversityTbilisiGeorgiaE. Andronikashvili Institute of Physics, Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi149bHigh Energy Physics Institute, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi; GeorgiaHigh Energy Physics InstituteTbilisi State UniversityTbilisiGeorgiaHigh Energy Physics Institute, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi149cUniversity of Georgia, Tbilisi; GeorgiaUniversity of GeorgiaTbilisiGeorgiaUniversity of Georgia, Tbilisi; Georgia150Department of Physics, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa; IsraelDepartment of PhysicsTechnion, Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsraelDepartment of Physics, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa; Israel151Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv; IsraelRaymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and AstronomyTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsraelRaymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv; Israel152Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki; GreeceDepartment of PhysicsAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiGreeceDepartment of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki; Greece153International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo; JapanInternational Center for Elementary Particle PhysicsDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapanInternational Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo; Japan154Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo; JapanDepartment of PhysicsTokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyoJapanDepartment of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo; Japan155Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto ON; CanadaDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanadaDepartment of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto ON; Canada156aTRIUMF, Vancouver BC; CanadaTRIUMFVancouverBCCanadaTRIUMF, Vancouver BC156bDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto ON; CanadaDepartment of Physics and AstronomyYork UniversityTorontoONCanadaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto ON; Canada157Division of Physics and Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba; JapanDivision of Physics and Tomonaga Center for the History of the UniverseFaculty of Pure and Applied SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapanDivision of Physics and Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba; Japan158Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford MA; United States of AmericaDepartment of Physics and AstronomyTufts UniversityMedfordMAUnited States of AmericaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford MA; United States of America159United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain; United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl AinUnited Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates University, Al Ain; United Arab Emirates160Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA; United States of AmericaDepartment of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCAUnited States of AmericaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA; United States of America161Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, Uppsala; SwedenDepartment of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of UppsalaUppsalaSwedenDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, Uppsala; Sweden162Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana IL; United States of AmericaDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaILUnited States of AmericaDepartment of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana IL; United States of America163Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia - CSIC, Valencia; SpainInstituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC)Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia - CSICValenciaSpainInstituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia - CSIC, Valencia; Spain164Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC; CanadaDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanadaDepartment of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC; Canada165Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria BC; CanadaDepartment of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBCCanadaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria BC; Canada166Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg; GermanyFakultät für Physik und AstronomieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgWürzburgGermanyFakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg; Germany167Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry; United KingdomDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of WarwickCoventryUnited KingdomDepartment of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry; United Kingdom168Waseda University, Tokyo; JapanWaseda UniversityTokyoJapanWaseda University, Tokyo; Japan169Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot; IsraelDepartment of Particle Physics and AstrophysicsWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsraelDepartment of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot; Israel170Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI; United States of AmericaDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWIUnited States of AmericaDepartment of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI; United States of America171Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Fachgruppe Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal; GermanyFakultät für Mathematik und NaturwissenschaftenFachgruppe PhysikBergische Universität WuppertalWuppertalGermanyFakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Fachgruppe Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal; Germany172Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven CT; United States of AmericaDepartment of PhysicsYale UniversityNew HavenCTUnited States of AmericaDepartment of Physics, Yale University, New Haven CT; United States of AmericaaAlso Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN.bAlso at An-Najah National University, Nablus; Palestine.cAlso at Borough of Manhattan Community College, City University of New York, New York NY; United States of America.dAlso at Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University; China.eAlso at Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Thessaloniki; Greece.fAlso at Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi; Italy.gAlso at CERN, Geneva; Switzerland.hAlso at Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Genève; Switzerland.iAlso at Departament de Fisica de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona; Spain.jAlso at Department of Financial and Management Engineering, University of the Aegean, Chios; Greece.kAlso at Department of Physics, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva; Israel.lAlso at Department of Physics, California State University, Sacramento; United States of America.mAlso at Department of Physics, King's College London, London; United Kingdom.nAlso at Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford CA; United States of America.oAlso at Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Fribourg; Switzerland.pAlso at Department of Physics, University of Thessaly; Greece.qAlso at Department of Physics, Westmont College, Santa Barbara; United States of America.rAlso at Hellenic Open University, Patras; Greece.sAlso at Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, ICREA, Barcelona; Spain.tAlso at Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg; Germany.uAlso at Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy (INRNE) of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia; Bulgaria.vAlso at Institute of Applied Physics, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir; Morocco.wAlso at Institute of Particle Physics (IPP); Canada.xAlso at Institute of Physics and Technology, Ulaanbaatar; Mongolia.yAlso at Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku; Azerbaijan.zAlso at Institute of Theoretical Physics, Ilia State University, Tbilisi; Georgia.aaAlso at L2IT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS/IN2P3, UPS, Toulouse; France.abAlso at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore; United States of America.acAlso at National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines Diliman (Philippines); Philippines.adAlso at Ochanomizu University, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo; Japan.aeAlso at Technical University of Munich, Munich; Germany.afAlso at The Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter (CICQM), Beijing; China.agAlso at TRIUMF, Vancouver BC; Canada.ahAlso at Università di Napoli Parthenope, Napoli; Italy.aiAlso at University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Physics, Colorado; United States of America.ajAlso at Washington College, Chestertown, MD; United States of America.akAlso at Yeditepe University, Physics Department, Istanbul; Türkiye.⁎Deceased.⋆E-mail address: atlas.publications@cern.ch.Editor: M. DoserAbstractThis letter presents a search for narrow, high-mass resonances in the Zγ final state with the Z boson decaying into a pair of electrons or muons. The s=13 TeV pp collision data were recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider and have an integrated luminosity of 140 fb−1. The data are found to be in agreement with the Standard Model background expectation. Upper limits are set on the resonance production cross section times the decay branching ratio into Zγ. For spin-0 resonances produced via gluon–gluon fusion, the observed limits at 95% confidence level vary between 65.5 fb and 0.6 fb, while for spin-2 resonances produced via gluon–gluon fusion (or quark–antiquark initial states) limits vary between 77.4 (76.1) fb and 0.6 (0.5) fb, for the mass range from 220 GeV to 3400 GeV.Data availabilityThe data for this manuscript are not available. The values in the plots and tables associated to this article are stored in HEPDATA (https://hepdata.cedar.ac.uk)1IntroductionTheories beyond the Standard Model (BSM theories) predict the existence of new heavy bosons (X) as additional gauge fields or by expanding the Higgs sector [1–3]. High-energy proton–proton (pp) collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) could produce high-mass bosons with masses up to several TeV, allowing a wide range of BSM scenarios to be tested. This letter targets narrow spin-0 and spin-2 high-mass resonances that decay into the Zγ final state, with the Z boson decaying into an electron or muon pair. The Z(→ℓℓ)γ final state, where ℓ=e or μ, can be fully reconstructed with high efficiency and the invariant mass can be measured with good resolution. In addition, lepton and photon signatures lead to relatively small backgrounds from general hadronic final-state decays.The ATLAS [4,5] and CMS [6] collaborations have searched for heavy Zγ resonances. The ATLAS Collaboration has used 36.1 fb−1 of 13 TeV pp collision data to search for spin-0 and spin-2 high-mass resonances via the Z(→ℓℓ)γ final state. For the spin-0 resonance, the observed upper limits set on the production cross section times branching ratio, σ(pp→X)⋅B(X→Zγ), vary between 88 fb and 2.8 fb at 95% confidence level in the mass range from 0.25 TeV to 2.4 TeV [7]. In addition to the search in the leptonic final state, a search for hadronic Z boson decays [8] was also published by the ATLAS Collaboration using a dataset with an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1. Upper limits from 10 fb to 0.05 fb were set in the mass range from 1.0 TeV to 6.8 TeV. A similar analysis was carried out by the CMS Collaboration with an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The Z boson was studied in both the leptonic and hadronic decay modes. The results from these channels were combined, and for narrow spin-0 resonances with masses between 0.35 TeV and 4.0 TeV, the upper limits ranged from 50 fb to 0.3 fb [9]. In all these searches, the data were found to agree with the Standard Model (SM) background expectation.An improved search for high-mass Zγ resonances is presented in this letter. For bosons with masses of around a TeV or above, a highly boosted Z boson is produced, where the leptons from the Z boson decay are highly collimated. Due to this boost, the energy deposits from the two electrons in Z→ee decays are very close together, with an angular separation of around 0.2 rad for higher signal masses, which affects the reconstruction of individual electrons. Consequently, the use of conventional electron identification requirements causes a significant loss of signal efficiency (around 20% for a resonance mass of 3400 GeV). In addition, due to the closeness of the two electrons, about 20% of the electrons are not reconstructed properly but instead classified as photons. Such challenges are addressed by developing a customized electron identification algorithm based on multivariate analysis (MVA) techniques. The main background in this analysis is non-resonant production of a Z boson with a photon. In addition, a smaller contribution comes from the production of a Z boson together with a hadronic jet, when the jet is incorrectly identified as a photon. The search is based on 13 TeV pp collision data recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC from 2015 to 2018, with a total integrated luminosity of 140 fb−1. This is much larger than the dataset used in the previous ATLAS search in the Z(→ℓℓ)γ decay channel [7] and together with better electron identification performance, the search range is widened to cover masses from 220 GeV to 3400 GeV.2ATLAS detector and data sampleThe ATLAS detector [4,5] at the LHC is a multipurpose particle detector with a front-to-back symmetric cylindrical geometry and solid angle coverage close to 4π.amamATLAS uses a right-handed coordinate system with its origin at the nominal interaction point (IP) in the centre of the detector and the z-axis along the beam pipe. The x-axis points from the IP to the centre of the LHC ring, and the y-axis points upwards. Cylindrical coordinates (r,ϕ) are used in the transverse plane, ϕ being the azimuthal angle around the z-axis. The pseudorapidity is defined in terms of the polar angle θ as η=−ln⁡tan⁡(θ/2). Angular distance is measured in units of ΔR≡(Δη)2+(Δϕ)2. It consists of an inner tracking detector surrounded by a thin superconducting solenoid, electromagnetic (EM) and hadronic calorimeters, and a muon spectrometer. The inner tracking detector covers the pseudorapidity range |η|<2.5. It consists of silicon pixel, silicon microstrip, and transition radiation tracking (TRT) detectors. Lead/liquid-argon (LAr) sampling calorimeters provide electromagnetic energy measurements with high granularity. A hadron calorimeter covers the central pseudorapidity range (|η|<1.7). The endcap and forward regions are instrumented with LAr calorimeters for both the EM and hadronic energy measurements up to |η|=4.9. The muon spectrometer surrounds the calorimeters and is based on three large superconducting air-core toroidal magnets with eight coils each. The field integral of the toroids ranges between 2.0 and 6.0 Tm across most of the detector. The muon spectrometer includes a system of precision chambers for tracking and fast detectors for triggering.A two-level trigger system [10] was used during the data taking. The first-level trigger (L1) is implemented in hardware and uses a subset of the detector information. This is followed by a high-level software-based trigger that runs an algorithm similar to that in the offline reconstruction software, reducing the event rate from a maximum L1 rate of 100 kHz to approximately 1 kHz.The trigger used in this search selects events with one or two electrons or muons, or a high-energy photon. During the highest instantaneous luminosity period, the minimum transverse momentum (pT) threshold was 26 GeV for the single-electron trigger and 17 GeV for each electron in the dielectron trigger. The threshold for the single-muon trigger was also 26 GeV, while asymmetric pT thresholds of 22 GeV and 8 GeV were used for the dimuon trigger. The lowest transverse energy threshold for a single photon was 140 GeV. Higher-threshold triggers with looser lepton identification criteria complement these lowest-threshold triggers. In the signal region chosen for the analysis, the trigger efficiencies range from 94% to 100% for simulated events with a spin-0 or spin-2 resonance having a mass between 220 GeV and 3400 GeV. After applying data quality requirements, the dataset of s=13 TeV pp collisions used in this search has an integrated luminosity of 140 fb−1 [11]. The average number of pp interactions per beam crossing (pile-up) ranged from ∼13 in 2015 to ∼39 in 2018. The peak instantaneous luminosity was 2×1034 cm−2s−1.An extensive software suite [12] is used in data simulation, in the reconstruction and analysis of real and simulated data, in detector operations, and in the trigger and data acquisition systems of the experiment.3Event simulationSamples of Monte Carlo (MC) simulated events are used to optimize the search strategy, evaluate the selection efficiency and study the different background contributions. The generated samples of signal events were processed with a detailed ATLAS detector simulation [13] based on Geant4 [14]. The PowhegBox v1 [15–18] generator and CT10 PDF set [19] were used to simulate gluon–gluon fusion (ggF) production of spin-0 resonances with masses of 200, 300, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, and 3500 GeV and an intrinsic width of 4 MeV. This is much smaller than the experimental resolution (see Section 5) and is referred to as the narrow-width assumption. Spin-2 resonances with masses of 200, 250, 300, 500, 750, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, and 3500 GeV and an intrinsic width of 4 MeV were simulated for gluon–gluon and quark–antiquark initial states. These event samples were simulated at leading order (LO) in QCD in the Higgs Characterisation Model [20] with MadGraph5_aMC@NLO 2.3.3 [21]. For the high-mass spin-0 (spin-2) resonances, the parton showering, hadronization and multi-parton interactions were simulated with Pythia 8.186 [22] using the AZNLO (A14) set of tuned parameters and the CTEQ6L1 [23] (NNPDF2.3 [24]) PDF set. Interference between the resonant signal and the non-resonant background is neglected because of the assumed narrow width of the resonance.The SM Z+γ process was simulated using the Sherpa 2.2.2 [25] generator. The matrix elements were calculated using the Comix [26] and OpenLoops 1.3.1 [27] generators. For real emission of up to three partons at LO in QCD, the matrix elements were merged with the Sherpa parton shower [28] using the MEPS@LO prescription [29]. In addition, the NNPDF3.0nnlo PDF set was used in conjunction with dedicated parton shower tuning developed by the Sherpa authors. To study the background model in detail, a large sample of Z+γ events was simulated using fast simulation of the calorimeter response [30]. The subdominant background process, Z+jets production, is modelled by using a control region enhanced in data events with jets misidentified as photons.4Object and event selectionsEvents containing at least one primary vertex candidate formed by reconstructed tracks with pT>500 MeV are selected. The primary vertex candidate with the largest sum of the squared transverse momenta (∑pT2) of the associated tracks is considered to be the primary vertex of the interaction of interest. The X→Z(→ℓℓ)γ candidate events are selected by requiring two same-flavour opposite-charge leptons to form a Z boson candidate, and at least one photon candidate.Muon candidates are reconstructed by combining tracks in the inner tracking detector with tracks in the muon spectrometer. They are required to satisfy pT>10 GeV and |η|<2.7. Muons must meet the Medium identification criteria [31]. Electron and photon candidates are reconstructed from clusters of energy deposits in the EM calorimeter cells. Electron candidates must have a matching track reconstructed in the inner tracking detector and pT>10 GeV, and be within the fiducial region of |η|<2.47, excluding the EM calorimeter barrel/endcap transition region of 1.37<|η|<1.52 [32].In the high-mass X→Zγ search, the energy deposits from the two electrons are very close together in the EM calorimeter, causing significant signal efficiency losses when using Loose identification criteria [32]. In addition, the sub-leading electron is often misreconstructed as a photon. This identification challenge is addressed by developing a dedicated MVA-based identification (MVA ID) criterion using a set of shower shape and track-based variables. The calorimeter shower shape variables used are Rη, Rhad, Rϕ, ΔEs and Eratio. The track-based variables considered are E/p, eProbabilityHT, Δη1, d0, ninnermost, nPixel and nSi. The aforementioned variables are also used to develop standard electron identification criteria for the ATLAS Collaboration and are described in detail in Table 1 of Ref. [32]. Additionally, nTRT, defined as the number of hits in the TRT detector, and the Δϕrescaled variables, defined as the Δϕ between the energy cluster and associated track in the presampler and the calorimeter's first, second and third layers after rescaling the EM energy deposits, are used in the MVA ID development. All these input variables were chosen because of their separation power when comparing mX=5 TeV signal MC events to background sideband data excluding events with dielectron invariant mass within ±15 GeV of the Z boson mass, mZ=91.2 GeV. The background in the sideband region includes both real and misreconstructed electrons. The MVA method is based on a Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) architecture provided by the XGBoost software library [33] and the training is carried out on electrons in the signal and background events. Good separation between signal and background is obtained with an optimal cut-point which corresponds to 99% signal efficiency and 76% background rejection. Among all training variables, the most discriminating shower shape and additional track-based variables are Eratio and Δϕrescaled2, respectively. The MVA ID is combined with the Loose identification criterion by using a logical OR to cover the whole explored mass range, and this is named Mixed ID. Compared to the Loose identification, the Mixed ID improves the identification efficiency of signal events by 6.2% to 12.7% across the full range of resonance masses. In order to form the Z boson candidate, electrons misreconstructed as a photon candidate are also selected. Similarly to electron candidates, they are required to have pT>50 GeV and be within |η|<2.47, excluding the region of 1.37<|η|<1.52. They are also required to have at least one track with an angular distance ΔR<0.1 from the photon.A track-based isolation requirement [31,32] is applied to the electrons and muons to make sure they are isolated from additional activity in the detector. Electron and muon candidates are also required to be associated with the primary vertex by requiring the longitudinal impact parameter, z0, to satisfy |z0sin⁡θ|<0.5 mm, where θ is the polar angle of the track. The significance of the transverse impact parameter d0, calculated with respect to the measured beam-line position, must satisfy |d0/σd0|<3(5) for muons (electrons) where σd0 is the uncertainty in d0.The Z boson candidates are reconstructed from two same-flavour opposite-sign lepton candidates. For events where one of the electrons is misreconstructed as a photon, additional criteria are applied to increase the selection efficiency of the real electron and to reduce other photon backgrounds, which are determined from MC information. The angular distance between the selected electron and photon, ΔR, must be less than 1.0. In addition, the relative difference between the transverse momenta of the two objects must be greater than 5%, which suppresses the selection of objects that come from the same electron. If multiple Z candidates are reconstructed in the same event, the one with mass closest to the Z pole, mZ=91.2 GeV, is chosen. Corrections are applied to the four-momenta of the leptons to improve the resolution of signal events. In particular, muon momenta are corrected for collinear final-state radiation (FSR) effects [34], and lepton (both electron and muon) four-momenta are corrected using a Z boson mass constraint [35]. The Z mass constraint improves the ℓℓγ mass resolution significantly. This is especially so in the muon channel, where the resolution improves by 8% for the lowest resonance mass and by up to 70% for larger masses, where the precision of the momentum measurement decreases with increasing muon transverse momentum. The corrected dilepton invariant mass is required to be within ±15 GeV of the Z boson mass.Photon candidates are required to have pT>15 GeV and pseudorapidity within the regions |η|<1.37 or 1.52<|η|<2.37. The Tight identification [32] and Loose isolation criteria are also applied. The Z(ℓℓ)γ candidate is reconstructed from the selected Z boson and the photon with the largest transverse momentum. The selected lepton pair and photon are required to match the trigger object(s) used to select the event, with the lepton pT requirement(s) being slightly higher than the trigger threshold(s).To resolve potential ambiguities due to a single detector response being assigned to two objects by the reconstruction algorithm, an overlap removal procedure is applied. For electrons, if the leading object has pT<500 GeV, other electron energy clusters closer than |Δη|=0.075 and |Δϕ|=0.125 are removed. If the leading electron has pT>500 GeV, other electron energy clusters closer than |Δη|=0.05 and |Δϕ|=0.05 are removed. If an electron candidate's track is closer than ΔR=0.02 to a muon candidate's track, the electron is rejected. Photon candidates within ΔR=0.3 of the selected lepton pair are rejected; this suppresses the FSR Z+γ events and additional possible contributions from photons misidentified as electrons. If an electron is misreconstructed as a photon because of its closeness to another electron, no overlap removal is applied.In order to further reduce the non-resonant Z+γ background contamination, a requirement pT/mZγ>0.2 is placed on transverse momentum of the photon candidate relative to the invariant mass of the final-state particles, mZγ, where the latter must satisfy 200<mZγ<3500 GeV. The full analysis selections are summarized in Table 1.The signal efficiency is defined as the ratio of the number of events satisfying all selection criteria (as described above) to the total number of events expected from the process pp→X→Zγ, where the Z boson decays into ee,μμ or ττ. The efficiency is parameterized as a function of the resonance mass to interpolate efficiencies in the mass intervals between the simulated samples. This is done using the sum of a first-order polynomial and a logarithmic function, ε=a+b⋅mX+c⋅ln⁡(mX+d), where a, b, c and d are free parameters in the fit. Fig. 1 shows the reconstruction and selection efficiency for simulated spin-0 and spin-2 resonance events as a function of mX. The efficiencies for spin-0 and spin-2 resonances produced via the gluon–gluon fusion process and spin-2 resonances originating from quark–antiquark initial states are parameterized separately. The efficiencies range from 22% to 36% over the mass range from 220 GeV to 3400 GeV for spin-0 resonances produced by gluon–gluon fusion. Differences in the production and decay of the spin-0 and spin-2 resonances result in significantly different transverse momentum and pseudorapidity distributions of the final-state Z bosons and photons, leading to the differences between the detection efficiency curves shown in Fig. 1.5Signal and background modellingAnalytic models are used to extract the signal and background yields from the mZγ distribution of the data. Simulated signal samples are used to determine the parameters describing the signal shapes. The models used to describe the background shapes are chosen by studying the simulated background samples, and the values of free parameters are obtained by fitting the models to the data.The signal mass distribution of the Zγ final states is well modelled by a double-sided Crystal Ball (DSCB) function (a Gaussian function with a power-law tail on each side) [36,37]. The Gaussian component of the signal distribution is described by the peak position μCB and width σCB.For the interpolation of the DSCB signal shape parameters as a function of mX, all simulated signal events are fitted simultaneously to parameterize the signal shapes for mass points mX between simulated samples. A set of polynomials whose coefficients are determined during the fitting process are used to interpolate signal shape parameters as a function of mX. The parameterization is carried out separately for each of the three models considered, i.e. spin-0 and spin-2 resonances produced via gluon–gluon fusion and spin-2 resonances from quark–antiquark initial states, and for Z→ee and Z→μμ final states. The mZγ distributions of the spin-0 resonance at mX=1000 GeV are shown in Fig. 2. The simulated signal events and the fitted parametric models agree well, with differences below 5 per mille. Good quality fits are also obtained for all other resonance models.The background consists mainly of non-resonant associated production of a Z boson and a photon (irreducible background) and Z+jet events where the jet is misidentified as a photon (reducible background). Their relative contributions are determined by a simultaneous binned fit to the calorimeter isolation distribution of the photon candidate in the signal region and in a control region enriched in Z+jets background. The control region is defined by requiring the photon candidate to fail the Tight identification but pass a modified loose identification [32]. The calorimeter isolation distributions of the photon in the signal and control regions are determined by the simulated non-resonant Z+γ samples, while the distributions of the misidentified jet are determined in the fit and assumed to be the same in the signal and control regions. The composition is estimated separately in the Z→ee and Z→μμ final states. In the electron (muon) channel, the ratio of Z+γ events to all background events is 0.919 (0.908). Besides estimating the Z+γ event fraction inclusively in the full mass region, it is also evaluated as a function of mZγ. The fractions are relatively stable, with the largest variation being 5%. Only simulated Z+γ samples are used to construct the total background model to reduce the statistical fluctuations from the limited number of data-derived Z+jet events, which are obtained by requiring the photon candidate to satisfy the Loose, but not the Tight, identification criterion. To account for the contribution from Z+jet events, the ratio of Z+jet to Z+γ events is fitted as an exponential function of mZγ. The functional form is chosen to have the minimum spurious signal described below. The total background is obtained after multiplying the Z+γ distribution in MC simulation by this exponential function to estimate the Z+jet contribution. The fit uncertainty of the ratio is propagated to the total background as well. The background distribution falls smoothly as a function of mZγ.The analytic background models are chosen so as to reduce the bias in the extracted signal yield and also by limiting the number of free parameters in the fits to avoid a reduction in sensitivity [38]. For each analysis category, the bias (also known as the “spurious signal”) is estimated as a function of mX by fitting the mZγ distribution of the background, obtained as described above, with signal-plus-background models. The spurious signal is required to be less than 50% of the expected statistical uncertainty of the signal yield. The function with the fewest free parameters is selected if this requirement is satisfied by two or more of the functions considered. The Dijet functionananThe Dijet function is defined as fbkg(x;b,a0)=N(1−x)bxa0, where x=mZγ/s, N is the normalization factor, and b and a0 are free parameters in each fit. is selected for both the electron and muon channels. The envelope of the spurious signal is used to define a systematic uncertainty of the background modelling, parameterized as an exponential function of mZγ. For the Z→ee (Z→μμ) final state, the spurious signal ranges from 10.2 (10.7) events at 220 GeV to 0.003 (0.007) events at 3400 GeV. Signal models for different-spin resonances are tested in the fits, and the parameterized spurious-signal uncertainties derived with spin-0 resonance samples are the most conservative. If the purity of the Z+γ sample is varied by ±5%, or the fitted ratio of Z+jet to Z+γ events as a function of mZγ is varied by ±1σ of the error, the Dijet function is still selected for both channels. This indicates that the search relies on the parameterization of the mZγ distribution, but only mildly on the background composition.6Systematic uncertaintiesThe dominant systematic uncertainty is the spurious signal defined as the bias induced in the signal yield by the choice of a particular background model. Its evaluation is described in Section 5, where it is found be as large as 10.2 events in the electron channel and 10.7 events in the muon channel.The uncertainty in the combined 2015–2018 integrated luminosity is 0.83% [11], obtained using the LUCID-2 detector [39] for the primary luminosity measurements, complemented by measurements using the inner detector and calorimeters. The systematic uncertainties impacting the signal modelling come from the muon momentum scale and resolution, and the electron and photon energy scales and resolutions. Their impact on the peak position (μCB) and width (σCB) of the simulated signal distribution is estimated from the relative changes in the fitted mZγ signal distribution when varying the momentum or energy scales and resolutions by their uncertainties. The muon momentum scale and resolution systematic uncertainties are determined from Z→μμ and J/ψ→μμ events using the techniques described in Ref. [40]. The muon momentum scale uncertainty and the sagitta bias [41] lead to a μCB uncertainty of up to 0.023%, while both the muon spectrometer and muon identification contribute to the muon momentum resolution and lead to uncertainties in σCB of up to 1.9% and 1.8% respectively. The systematic uncertainties in the electron and photon energy scale and resolution follow those in Refs. [42,43]. The overall energy scale factors and their uncertainties were determined using Z→ee events collected during 2015 and 2016. Compared to Ref. [43], several systematic uncertainties were re-evaluated with the 13 TeV data, including uncertainties related to the observed LAr cell non-linearity, the detector material simulation, the intercalibration of the first and second layers of the calorimeter, and the pedestal corrections. The electron/photon energy resolution uncertainties produce an uncertainty in σCB varying from 2.5% to 10% in the muon channel and from 7% to 60% in the electron channel. The variation in μCB due to the electron and photon energy scale systematic uncertainty is less than 0.4% for the muon channel and less than 0.7% for the electron channel. The systematic uncertainties in the signal efficiency due to the reconstruction, identification, isolation and trigger efficiencies for leptons and photons are estimated in simulation from the relative change in the signal efficiency when each of those efficiencies is varied by its uncertainty. The photon triggers, identification and isolation contribute a total systematic uncertainty of up to 1.5% (1.7%) to the signal efficiency in the muon (electron) channel. The electron reconstruction, identification, isolation and trigger contribute a systematic uncertainty of up to 4% to the signal efficiency in the electron channel. In the muon channel, the signal efficiency systematic uncertainties from the muon triggers, reconstruction and isolation are estimated to not exceed 1%, 6% and 1.2%, respectively. All these systematic uncertainties affecting the signal efficiency are estimated using spin-0 resonance samples only and are also used in the spin-2 resonance results. To check whether a bias could be introduced by this uncertainty assignment, the largest systematic uncertainty in the signal efficiency (i.e. the muon reconstruction efficiency) is also estimated using spin-2 resonance samples. The estimates of this systematic uncertainty from the spin-0 and spin-2 resonance samples are compatible within the statistical uncertainty. An “extra smearing” muon pT uncertainty accounts for the impact of the poorly measured resolution of high-pT muons (usually >300 GeV) which satisfy the Medium, but not the HighPt [31], identification criterion. The impact on the mμμγ resolution is estimated to be 2.4%. The systematic uncertainty due to electron charge misidentification is evaluated using Z→ee events and found to be negligible.The uncertainty due to the MVA and Mixed electron identifications applied to the reconstructed electrons in this high-mass analysis is evaluated by applying the tag-and-probe method to the Z→ee data and MC samples. Events where the electrons have an angular separation ΔR(e,e)<0.5 are used to imitate the case where the electrons are very close to each other, as in the high-mass resonance analysis. Due to the ΔR(e,e) requirement, the Z→ee event yield is limited and thus an inclusive pT bin is defined in the EM calorimeter barrel and endcap region. The efficiencies are evaluated for electrons with ΔR(e,e)<0.5 in an inclusive pT region between 27 and 3000 GeV and the barrel (|η| < 1.37) and endcap (1.52 < |η| < 2.47) regions. The systematic uncertainty due to the MVA ID and its mixture with the Loose ID is estimated to vary between 1.0% and 1.1% for resonance masses between 220 GeV and 3400 GeV.Table 2 summarizes the estimated systematic uncertainties for the X→Zγ search in the ee and μμ channels and the mass range mX=220−3400GeV.7ResultsAn unbinned profile-likelihood-ratio fit method [44] is used to estimate the heavy-resonance production cross section times the branching ratio of the X→Zγ decay, σ(pp→X)⋅B(X→Zγ), in the mass range between 220 GeV and 3400 GeV. In the likelihood function, the expected number of signal events Nsig is defined as Nsig=L×σ(pp→X)×B(X→Z(→ee,μμ or ττ)γ)×ε, where L is the integrated luminosity and ε is the parameterized signal efficiency as a function of mX. The invariant mass (mZγ) distributions of data events in both the eeγ and μμγ channels are fitted simultaneously with the signal-plus-background models and are shown in Fig. 3. The highest-mass eeγ and μμγ events in the data are at 2.0 TeV and 2.2 TeV, respectively. No significant excess relative to the background-only hypothesis is seen. For spin-0 heavy resonances, the largest excess is observed at 420 GeV with a local significance of 2.3 standard deviations after combining the eeγ and μμγ channel distributions shown in Fig. 3. The individual significances at the same mX value are 2.1σ and 1.1σ in the electron and muon channels respectively.The probability of compatibility between the data and the expected background plus signal is examined for increasing values of the signal cross section, and a modified frequentist (CLs) approach [45] is used to set an upper limit on the cross section. The limit at 95% confidence level (CL) is determined by identifying the signal cross section for which the CLs value is equal to 0.05. The observed (expected) cross-section limits for mX up to 1850 (900) GeV are derived using closed-form asymptotic formulae [44]. At higher mX values the asymptotic formulae underestimate the observed (expected) limits by 5% to 17% (1.4% to 29%) because of the smaller number of events, and ensemble tests with sampling distributions generated using pseudo-experiments are used instead. Fig. 4 shows the observed and expected upper limits as a function of mX for a spin-0 resonance signal produced via gluon–gluon fusion, using the combined data from the eeγ and μμγ channels. The observed (expected) limits range from 65.5 fb to 0.6 fb (43.3 fb to 0.6 fb). The search is limited by the statistical uncertainty of the selected data events in the mZγ distribution. The dominant systematic uncertainty is the spurious-signal uncertainty, which has at most a 12% impact on the asymptotic expected upper limit on σ(pp→X)⋅B(X→Zγ).The results are also interpreted in terms of spin-2 resonances (for both the ggX and qq¯X processes) in the same mass range as the nominal spin-0 resonances. As shown in Fig. 5, the observed (expected) limits range from 77.4 fb to 0.6 fb (50.8 fb to 0.6 fb) for a ggX spin-2 resonance and from 76.1 fb to 0.5 fb (50.3 fb to 0.5 fb) for a qq¯X spin-2 resonance. Table 3 summarizes the observed (expected) upper limits on σ(pp→X)⋅B(X→Zγ) for spin-0 and spin-2 heavy-resonance masses from 220 GeV to 3400 GeV.8ConclusionA search for new resonances decaying into the Z(→ℓℓ)γ final state in the mass range between 220 GeV and 3400 GeV has been performed using 140 fb−1 of s=13 TeV pp collision data recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The observed data are in agreement with the smoothly falling background predicted by the SM. No evidence of X→Zγ decay is observed, and upper limits are set on σ(pp→X)⋅B(X→Zγ) as a function of mX. The results are presented using spin-0 and spin-2 interpretations. For spin-0 resonances, the observed limits vary between 65.5 fb and 0.6 fb. The cross-section limits vary between 77.4 (76.1) fb and 0.6 (0.5) fb for spin-2 resonances produced from gluon–gluon (quark–antiquark) initial states. These results improve the expected upper limit on σ(pp→X)⋅B(X→Zγ) for a spin-0 resonance by a factor of 1.9 to 4 in the mX range of 250 GeV to 2400 GeV covered by a previous ATLAS search. In addition, this search extends the covered mass range to 3400 GeV by using the higher integrated luminosity of the full Run 2 dataset as well as an MVA electron identification technique. Compared to a resonance search by ATLAS using hadronic decays of the Z boson and the full Run 2 dataset, this search probes lower mX values, down to 220 GeV, and has better sensitivity up to 2300 GeV. Declaration of Competing InterestThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.AcknowledgementsWe thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently.We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; ANID, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; Minciencias, Colombia; MEYS CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS and CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF and MPG, Germany; GSRI, Greece; RGC and Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MEiN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZŠ, Slovenia; DSI/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Canton of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TENMAK, Türkiye; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, Canarie, Compute Canada and CRC, Canada; PRIMUS 21/SCI/017 and UNCE SCI/013, Czech Republic; COST, ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020, ICSC-NextGenerationEU and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex, Investissements d'Avenir Idex and ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF and MINERVA, Israel; Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014-2021, Norway; NCN and NAWA, Poland; “la Caixa” Foundation, CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya and PROMETEO and GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Göran Gustafssons Stiftelser, Sweden; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom.The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN, the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA), the Tier-2 facilities worldwide and large non-WLCG resource providers. 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